Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Alternanthera Bettzickiana, an important ethno-medicinal plant

M. F. Akhtar; A. Sharif; M. Saleem; A. Saleem; B. Akhtar; M. Raza; H. Ijaz; M. Shabbir; S. Ali; A. Sharif; M. B. Nasim; S. Peerzada

doi:10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.23

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Vol. 63 No. 8: Issue 8

Issue Published : September 4, 2017

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Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Alternanthera Bettzickiana, an important ethno-medicinal plant

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.23

M. F. Akhtar

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

A. Sharif

Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

M. Saleem

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

A. Saleem

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

B. Akhtar

Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

M. Raza

Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

H. Ijaz

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

M. Shabbir

Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

S. Ali

Institute für pharmazeutische Technologie & Biopharmazie, Philipps University Marburg, Germany

A. Sharif

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

M. B. Nasim

Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

S. Peerzada

Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : M. F. Akhtar

furqan.pharmacist@gmail.com

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 63 No. 8: Issue 8
Article Published : August 30, 2017

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of n-hexane and aqueous-methanolic whole plant extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana. Aqueous-methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana extracts were assessed for the mutagenic potential with Salmonella tester strains TA-100 and TA-102 in the presence and absence of the rodent enzyme activation system and cytotoxic potential was assessed by MTT assay. Aqueous-methanolic extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. However n-hexane extract revealed the presence of tannins and terpenoids only. It was found that a concentration as low as 15mg/mL of both extracts was more mutagenic to the TA 102 tester strain than TA-100. Hexane whole plant extract of Altenanthera bettzickiana was more mutagenic than aqueous-methanolic extract considering revertant colonies of TA 100 strain. Aqueous-methanolic and n-hexane whole plant extracts of Altenanthera bettzickiana showed higher mutagenic potential in the presence of the enzyme activation system. Mutagenicity of aqueous-methanolic extract increased with an enzyme activation system in case of TA 100 whereas mutagenicity of n-hexane extract decreased in the presence of the enzyme activation system with TA 100 and TA 102 strains. Aqueous-methanolic and n-Hexane whole plant extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana showed an IC-50 of 493 and 456 µg/mL in BHK-21 cells respectively. It can be concluded that Altenanthera bettzickiana exhibited mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutation assay with and without enzyme activation systems. However, it showed limited cytotoxicity to BHK-21 cells.

Keywords

Mutagenicity Cytotoxicity Phytochemicals Medicinal plants Ethno-pharmacology.

Akhtar, M. F., Sharif, A., Saleem, M., Saleem, A., Akhtar, B., Raza, M., Ijaz, H., Shabbir, M., Ali, S., Sharif, A., Nasim, M. B., & Peerzada, S. (2017). Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Alternanthera Bettzickiana, an important ethno-medicinal plant. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63(8), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.23

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References

Gami B, Parabia M. Pharmacognostic evaluation of bark and seeds of Mimusops elengi L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2(Suppl 4):110-3.
Verma S, Singh S. Current and future status of herbal medicines. Veterinary world. 2008;1(11):347-50.
Phusrisom S, Chatuphonprasert W, Monthakantirat O, Jarukamjorn K. Alternanthera sessilis and Alternanthera bettzickiana Improved Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities in the Livers of Ovariectomized Mice. Journal of Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. 2013;1(2):64-71.
Salvador MJ, Andreazza NL, Pascoal AC, Pereira PS, França SC, Zucchi OL, et al. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Biotechnological Production of Secondary Metabolites in Amaranthaceae Plants, Gomphreneae Tribe. Biotechnological Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites. 2012:124.
Hundiwale Jogendra C, Patil Avinash V, Kulkarni Mohan V, Patil D, Mali Ravindra G. A current update on phytopharmacology of the genus Alternanthera. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2012;5(4):1924-9.
Maneenoon K, Khuniad C, Teanuan Y, Saedan N, Prom-in S, Rukleng N, et al. Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers in Phatthalung Province, Peninsular Thailand. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2015;11(1):1.
Brockman H, Stack H, Waters M. Antimutagenicity profiles of some natural substances. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1992;267(2):157-72.
Mortelmans K, Zeiger E. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 2000;455(1):29-60.
Mohanty SK. Evaluation of antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity of micropropagated and naturally grown plants of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & Arn.-an endangered medicinal plant. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2014;7, Supplement 1(0):S267-S71.
Lupu A, Popescu T. The noncellular reduction of MTT tetrazolium salt by TiO 2 nanoparticles and its implications for cytotoxicity assays. Toxicology in Vitro. 2013;27(5):1445-50.
Tadesse G, Reneela P, Dekebo A. Isolation and characterization of natural products from Helinus mystachnus (Rhamnaceae). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2012;4(3):1756-62.
Sharif A, Ashraf M, Anjum AA, Javeed A, Altaf I, Akhtar MF, et al. Pharmaceutical wastewater being composite mixture of environmental pollutants may be associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Environmental science and pollution research international. 2016;23(3):2813-20. Epub 2015/10/11.
Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Anjum AA, Javeed A, Sharif A, Saleem A, et al. Textile industrial effluent induces mutagenicity and oxidative DNA damage and exploits oxidative stress biomarkers in rats. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. 2016;41:180-6. Epub 2015/12/29.
Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Nasim MB, Peerzada S, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic action potential of Terminalia citrina, a medicinal plant of ethnopharmacological significance EXCLI journal. 2016;15:589-98.
Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem A, et al. Toxicity appraisal of untreated dyeing industry wastewater based on chemical characterization and short term bioassays. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2016;96(4):502-7.
Mehmood A, Hamid I, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Akhtar B, Saleem A, et al. EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF SEEDS OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG. IN ANIMAL MODELS. 2016;73(6):1601-8.
Bhattacherjee A, Ghosh T, Sil R, Datta A. Isolation and characterisation of methanol-soluble fraction of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)–evaluation of their antioxidant, Î±-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activity in in vitro systems. Natural product research. 2014;28(23):2199-202.
Chen R, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang S, Chen M, Wang Y. Potential antineoplastic effects of Aloe-emodin: a comprehensive review. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2014;42(02):275-88.
Shimada T. Salivary proteins as a defense against dietary tannins. Journal of chemical ecology. 2006;32(6):1149-63.
Parekh J, Chanda S. In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. flower (Lythraceae). Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2007;38(2):204-7.
Tauqeer HM, Ali S, Rizwan M, Ali Q, Saeed R, Iftikhar U, et al. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by Alternanthera bettzickiana: Growth and physiological response. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2016;126:138-46.
Alimba CG, Dhillon V, Bakare AA, Fenech M. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of chromium, copper, manganese and lead, and their mixture in WIL2-NS human B lymphoblastoid cells is enhanced by folate depletion. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 2016;798:35-47.
Aruna K, Sivaramakrishnan V. Anticarcinogenic effects of some Indian plant products. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1992;30(11):953-6.
Sowemimo A, van de Venter M, Baatjies L, Koekemoer T. Cytotoxic activity of selected Nigerian plants. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2009;6(4):526-8.
Calderon-Montano J, Burgos-Moron E, Lopez-Lazaro M. The in vivo antitumor activity of cardiac glycosides in mice xenografted with human cancer cells is probably an experimental artifact. Oncogene. 2014;33(22):2947-8.
Jung H, Shin SY, Jung Y, Tran TA, Lee HO, Jung KY, et al. Quantitative Relationships Between the Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids on the Human Breast Cancer Stem"Like Cells MCF7"SC and Their Structural Properties. Chemical biology & drug design. 2015;86(4):496-508.

References

Gami B, Parabia M. Pharmacognostic evaluation of bark and seeds of Mimusops elengi L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2(Suppl 4):110-3.

Verma S, Singh S. Current and future status of herbal medicines. Veterinary world. 2008;1(11):347-50.

Phusrisom S, Chatuphonprasert W, Monthakantirat O, Jarukamjorn K. Alternanthera sessilis and Alternanthera bettzickiana Improved Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities in the Livers of Ovariectomized Mice. Journal of Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. 2013;1(2):64-71.

Salvador MJ, Andreazza NL, Pascoal AC, Pereira PS, França SC, Zucchi OL, et al. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Biotechnological Production of Secondary Metabolites in Amaranthaceae Plants, Gomphreneae Tribe. Biotechnological Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites. 2012:124.

Hundiwale Jogendra C, Patil Avinash V, Kulkarni Mohan V, Patil D, Mali Ravindra G. A current update on phytopharmacology of the genus Alternanthera. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2012;5(4):1924-9.

Maneenoon K, Khuniad C, Teanuan Y, Saedan N, Prom-in S, Rukleng N, et al. Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers in Phatthalung Province, Peninsular Thailand. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2015;11(1):1.

Brockman H, Stack H, Waters M. Antimutagenicity profiles of some natural substances. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1992;267(2):157-72.

Mortelmans K, Zeiger E. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 2000;455(1):29-60.

Mohanty SK. Evaluation of antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity of micropropagated and naturally grown plants of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & Arn.-an endangered medicinal plant. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2014;7, Supplement 1(0):S267-S71.

Lupu A, Popescu T. The noncellular reduction of MTT tetrazolium salt by TiO 2 nanoparticles and its implications for cytotoxicity assays. Toxicology in Vitro. 2013;27(5):1445-50.

Tadesse G, Reneela P, Dekebo A. Isolation and characterization of natural products from Helinus mystachnus (Rhamnaceae). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2012;4(3):1756-62.

Sharif A, Ashraf M, Anjum AA, Javeed A, Altaf I, Akhtar MF, et al. Pharmaceutical wastewater being composite mixture of environmental pollutants may be associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Environmental science and pollution research international. 2016;23(3):2813-20. Epub 2015/10/11.

Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Anjum AA, Javeed A, Sharif A, Saleem A, et al. Textile industrial effluent induces mutagenicity and oxidative DNA damage and exploits oxidative stress biomarkers in rats. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. 2016;41:180-6. Epub 2015/12/29.

Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Nasim MB, Peerzada S, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic action potential of Terminalia citrina, a medicinal plant of ethnopharmacological significance EXCLI journal. 2016;15:589-98.

Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem A, et al. Toxicity appraisal of untreated dyeing industry wastewater based on chemical characterization and short term bioassays. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2016;96(4):502-7.

Mehmood A, Hamid I, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Akhtar B, Saleem A, et al. EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF SEEDS OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG. IN ANIMAL MODELS. 2016;73(6):1601-8.

Bhattacherjee A, Ghosh T, Sil R, Datta A. Isolation and characterisation of methanol-soluble fraction of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)–evaluation of their antioxidant, Î±-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activity in in vitro systems. Natural product research. 2014;28(23):2199-202.

Chen R, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang S, Chen M, Wang Y. Potential antineoplastic effects of Aloe-emodin: a comprehensive review. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2014;42(02):275-88.

Shimada T. Salivary proteins as a defense against dietary tannins. Journal of chemical ecology. 2006;32(6):1149-63.

Parekh J, Chanda S. In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. flower (Lythraceae). Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2007;38(2):204-7.

Tauqeer HM, Ali S, Rizwan M, Ali Q, Saeed R, Iftikhar U, et al. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by Alternanthera bettzickiana: Growth and physiological response. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2016;126:138-46.

Alimba CG, Dhillon V, Bakare AA, Fenech M. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of chromium, copper, manganese and lead, and their mixture in WIL2-NS human B lymphoblastoid cells is enhanced by folate depletion. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 2016;798:35-47.

Aruna K, Sivaramakrishnan V. Anticarcinogenic effects of some Indian plant products. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1992;30(11):953-6.

Sowemimo A, van de Venter M, Baatjies L, Koekemoer T. Cytotoxic activity of selected Nigerian plants. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2009;6(4):526-8.

Calderon-Montano J, Burgos-Moron E, Lopez-Lazaro M. The in vivo antitumor activity of cardiac glycosides in mice xenografted with human cancer cells is probably an experimental artifact. Oncogene. 2014;33(22):2947-8.

Jung H, Shin SY, Jung Y, Tran TA, Lee HO, Jung KY, et al. Quantitative Relationships Between the Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids on the Human Breast Cancer Stem"Like Cells MCF7"SC and Their Structural Properties. Chemical biology & drug design. 2015;86(4):496-508.

Author biographies is not available.