Copyright (c) 2023 Mardin Othman Abdulqadir, Niaz Mustafa Kamal, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.Low vitamin D level increases women’s breast cancer risks, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: A case-control study
Corresponding Author(s) : Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 69 No. 14: Cancer molecular biology: Diagnosis and treatment
Abstract
Vitamin D (Vit D) is essential in maintaining calcium homeostasis and other body processes. It has been widely studied how Vit D affects cell cycle pathways and how it affects the development and prevention of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to determine Vit D insufficiency linkage to the development of BC. In this case-control study, 130 women (65 BC patients and 65 healthy controls) aged 20–60 years who visited Shar Hospital Breast Center in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from December 2021 to May 2022 were included. Patients were selected after their diagnosis had been verified by breast ultrasound, mammography, and core biopsy. The ELISA test was used to measure the concentrations of serum Vit D and expressed in ng/ml. The results showed that the BC patients had considerably lower serum Vit D levels that were <20 ng/L in 66.1% (n=43) and 43.1% (n=28) in healthy controls. Compared to the control group (20.2±8.7), the mean Vit D level in BC patients was lower (17.8±8.6). A logistic regression test revealed a substantial increase in the risk of BC for low-level Vit D concentrations below 20 ng/L (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.24-5.38; P=0.009). Vit D is still a significant risk factor for boosting the likelihood of developing BC after age and body mass index (BMI) adjustments (AOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.1-4.86; p=0.03 and AOR 3.67, 95% CI 1.55-8.7; p=0.002 for BC patients and controls, respectively). According to the outcomes of our investigations, we concluded that Vit D insufficiency raises the risk of BC among women in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
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