Issue
Effects of Cichorium intybus on serum oxidative stress, liver and kidney volume, and cyclin B1 and Bcl-2 levels in the brains of rats with ethanol induced damage
Corresponding Author(s) : Ozlem Ergul Erkec
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 64 No. 7: Issue 7
Abstract
We investigated the effects of an aqueous root extract of Cichorium intybus on Bcl-2 and cyclin B1 levels in the brain, kidney and liver volumes and changes of serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in ethanol induced damage in rats. The rats were divided into five groups: non-treated controls (C), maltodextrin in tap water treated (MD), 6.4% ethanol in tap water treated (ET), Cichorium intybus + maltodextrin in tap water treated (CI+MD), and Cichorium intybus + 6.4% ethanol in tap water treated (CI+ET). Rats in the CI+MD and CI+ET groups were treated with 200 mg/kg water extract of Cichorium intybus. Chronic ethanol aMDinistration significantly increased cyclin B1 and decreased Bcl-2 levels in the brain and significantly decreased TAS values, increased TOS values of serum and significantly decreased kidney volume in the ET group. There was no significant difference in the liver volume or liver cell count. Our data revealed that ethanol aMDinistration induces an overexpression of cyclin B1 and decreases levels of Bcl-2 in rat brains and induced oxidative stress in the blood. C. intybus treatment possessed a partial amelioration effect on cyclin B1 levels and TAS values.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Teves MR, Wendel GH, Pelzer LE. Jodina rhombifolia leaves lyophilized aqueous extract decreases ethanol intake and preference in adolescent male Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:11-16.
- Saunders JB, Conigrave KM, Latt NC, Nutt DJ, Marshall EJ, Ling W. Addiction Medicine. Second edition, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2016.
- Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Ahmad SF. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:383-388.
- Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Multi-organ alcohol-related damage: mechanisms and treatment. Biomolecules 2016; 20:1-5.
- Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. Section 30.5, Ethanol Alters Energy Metabolism in the Liver. W H Freeman, New York, 2002.
- Zakhari S. Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body? Alcohol Res Health. 2006; 29(4):245-54.
- Yang F, Luo J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and ethanol neurotoxicity. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2538-2553.
- Han JH, Tian HZ, Lian YY et al. Quetiapine mitigates the ethanol-induced oxidative stress in brain tissue, but not in the liver, of the rat. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1473-1482.
- Tateno M, Saito T. Biological studies on alcohol-induced neuronal damage. Psychiatry Investig 2008; 5:21-27.
- Jacobs JS, Miller MW. Proliferation and death of cultured fetal neocortical neurons: effects of ethanol on the dynamics of cell growth. J Neurocytol 2002; 30:391-401.
- Song Y, Zhao C, Dong L et al. Overexpression of cyclin B1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells induces tumor cell invasive growth and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:307-315.
- Meng X, Wang X, Tian X, Yang Z, Li M, Zhang C. Protection of neurons from high glucose"induced injury by deletion of MAD2B. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:844-851.
- Heaton MB, Moore DB, Paiva M, Gibbs T, Bernard O. Bcl-2 overexpression protects the neonatal cerebellum from ethanol neurotoxicity. Brain research 1999; 817:13-18.
- Graw JA, Haefen CV, Poyraz D, Möbius N, Sifringer M, Spies CD. Chronic Alcohol Consumption Increases the Expression of Uncoupling Protein-2 and -4 in the Brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1650-1656.
- Chen C, Wen DC, Gao SD, Hu XY, Yi C. The Protective Effects of Buzui on Acute Alcoholism in Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016; 1-8.
- Street RA, Sidana J, Prinsloo G. Cichorium intybus: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 1-14.
- Rasmussen MK, Klausen CL, Ekstrand B. Regulation of cytochrome P450 mRNA expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected secondary plant metabolites from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Food Chem 2014; 146:255-263.
- Süntar I, Akkol EK, Keles H, Yesilada E, Sarker SD, Baykal T. Comparative evaluation of traditional prescriptions from Cichorium intybus L. for wound healing: stepwise isolation of an active component by in vivo bioassay and its mode of activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 143:299-309.
- Bais HP, Ravishankar GA. Cichorium intybus L–cultivation, processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on current status and future prospects. J Sci Food Agric 2001; 81:467-484.
- Gupta AK, Kaur N, Kaur N. Preparation of inulin from chicory roots. J Sci Ind Res 2003; 62:916-920.
- Causey JL, Feirtag JM, Gallaher DD, Tungland BC, Slavin JL. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr Res 2000; 20:191-201.
- Hardeep FM, Pandey DK. Anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of chicory roots in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm 2013; 3:211-216.
- Kim TW, Yang KS. Antioxidative effects of C. intybus root extract on LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) oxidation. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:431-436.
- Jindal MN, Patel VK, Patel NB. Pharmacological actions of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of roots of Cichorium intibus, Linn. Indian J Pharmacol 1975; 7:24-33.
- Zafar R, Ali SM. Anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of Cichorium intybus L. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 63:227-231.
- Pires PW, Furtado KS, Justullin LA Jr, Rodrigues MA, Felisbino SL, Barbisan LF. Chronic ethanol intake promotes double gluthatione S-transferase/transforming growth factor-alpha-positive hepatocellular lesions in male Wistar rats. Cancer Sci. 2008 ; 99(2):221-8.
- Ali, A., A. Jehangir, and F. Ayub. Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Chichorium Intybus Roots on Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity. JIIMC 2016; 11:99-102.
- Gundersen HJ, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L et al. Some new, simple, efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. Apmis 1988; 96:379-394.
- Howard CV, Reed MG. Unbiased stereology, three-dimensionel measurements in microscopy, First ed., QTP publications, Liverpool, 1998.
- Gundersen HJ, Jensen EB. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J Microscopy 1987; 1147:229-263.
- Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem 2004; 37:277-285.
- Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem 2005; 38:1103-1111.
- Emre S, Akoglu G, Metin A, Demirseren DD, Isikoglu S, Oztekin A, Erel O. The oxidant and antioxidant status in pityriasis rosea. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:118.
- Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt Biochem 1976; 72:248-254.
- Armutçu A, Gürel A, Kurtman S, Mungan AG, íœnalacak M. Alkol Alışkanlığı Olanlarda Lipid Peroksidayonu ve Serum Demir Parametreleri. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2003; 2:61-67.
- Fırat S. Alkole Bağlı Karaciğer Hasarının önlenmesinde Sarımsak, Vitamin E ve Melatonin Etkilerinin Kıyaslanması. Uzmanlık Tezi, ć°nönü íœniversitesi, Malatya, 2005.
- Kutlubay R, Oğuz EO, Turgut G, Kocamaz E. Karaciğer ve böbrek üzerine etanolün toksisitesi ve L-NAME'in Koruyucu etkisi. SDíœ Tıp Fak Derg 2008; 15: 11-17.
- Maestre C, Delgado"Esteban M, Gomez"Sanchez JC, Bolaños JP, Almeida A. Cdk5 phosphorylates Cdh1 and modulates cyclin B1 stability in excitotoxicity. EMBO J 2008; 27:2736-2745.
- Eichhorn JM, Kothari A, Chambers TC. Cyclin B1 overexpression induces cell death independent of mitotic arrest. PloS One 2014; 9(11): e113283.
- Kannan K, Jain SK. Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysiology 2000; 7:153-163.
- Hoh NZ. Bcl-2 genotypes and outcomes after traumatic brain injury. PhD Thesis. University of Pittsburgh, 2008.
References
Teves MR, Wendel GH, Pelzer LE. Jodina rhombifolia leaves lyophilized aqueous extract decreases ethanol intake and preference in adolescent male Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:11-16.
Saunders JB, Conigrave KM, Latt NC, Nutt DJ, Marshall EJ, Ling W. Addiction Medicine. Second edition, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2016.
Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Ahmad SF. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:383-388.
Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Multi-organ alcohol-related damage: mechanisms and treatment. Biomolecules 2016; 20:1-5.
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. Section 30.5, Ethanol Alters Energy Metabolism in the Liver. W H Freeman, New York, 2002.
Zakhari S. Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body? Alcohol Res Health. 2006; 29(4):245-54.
Yang F, Luo J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and ethanol neurotoxicity. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2538-2553.
Han JH, Tian HZ, Lian YY et al. Quetiapine mitigates the ethanol-induced oxidative stress in brain tissue, but not in the liver, of the rat. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1473-1482.
Tateno M, Saito T. Biological studies on alcohol-induced neuronal damage. Psychiatry Investig 2008; 5:21-27.
Jacobs JS, Miller MW. Proliferation and death of cultured fetal neocortical neurons: effects of ethanol on the dynamics of cell growth. J Neurocytol 2002; 30:391-401.
Song Y, Zhao C, Dong L et al. Overexpression of cyclin B1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells induces tumor cell invasive growth and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:307-315.
Meng X, Wang X, Tian X, Yang Z, Li M, Zhang C. Protection of neurons from high glucose"induced injury by deletion of MAD2B. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:844-851.
Heaton MB, Moore DB, Paiva M, Gibbs T, Bernard O. Bcl-2 overexpression protects the neonatal cerebellum from ethanol neurotoxicity. Brain research 1999; 817:13-18.
Graw JA, Haefen CV, Poyraz D, Möbius N, Sifringer M, Spies CD. Chronic Alcohol Consumption Increases the Expression of Uncoupling Protein-2 and -4 in the Brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1650-1656.
Chen C, Wen DC, Gao SD, Hu XY, Yi C. The Protective Effects of Buzui on Acute Alcoholism in Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016; 1-8.
Street RA, Sidana J, Prinsloo G. Cichorium intybus: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 1-14.
Rasmussen MK, Klausen CL, Ekstrand B. Regulation of cytochrome P450 mRNA expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected secondary plant metabolites from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Food Chem 2014; 146:255-263.
Süntar I, Akkol EK, Keles H, Yesilada E, Sarker SD, Baykal T. Comparative evaluation of traditional prescriptions from Cichorium intybus L. for wound healing: stepwise isolation of an active component by in vivo bioassay and its mode of activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 143:299-309.
Bais HP, Ravishankar GA. Cichorium intybus L–cultivation, processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on current status and future prospects. J Sci Food Agric 2001; 81:467-484.
Gupta AK, Kaur N, Kaur N. Preparation of inulin from chicory roots. J Sci Ind Res 2003; 62:916-920.
Causey JL, Feirtag JM, Gallaher DD, Tungland BC, Slavin JL. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr Res 2000; 20:191-201.
Hardeep FM, Pandey DK. Anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of chicory roots in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm 2013; 3:211-216.
Kim TW, Yang KS. Antioxidative effects of C. intybus root extract on LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) oxidation. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:431-436.
Jindal MN, Patel VK, Patel NB. Pharmacological actions of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of roots of Cichorium intibus, Linn. Indian J Pharmacol 1975; 7:24-33.
Zafar R, Ali SM. Anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of Cichorium intybus L. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 63:227-231.
Pires PW, Furtado KS, Justullin LA Jr, Rodrigues MA, Felisbino SL, Barbisan LF. Chronic ethanol intake promotes double gluthatione S-transferase/transforming growth factor-alpha-positive hepatocellular lesions in male Wistar rats. Cancer Sci. 2008 ; 99(2):221-8.
Ali, A., A. Jehangir, and F. Ayub. Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Chichorium Intybus Roots on Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity. JIIMC 2016; 11:99-102.
Gundersen HJ, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L et al. Some new, simple, efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. Apmis 1988; 96:379-394.
Howard CV, Reed MG. Unbiased stereology, three-dimensionel measurements in microscopy, First ed., QTP publications, Liverpool, 1998.
Gundersen HJ, Jensen EB. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J Microscopy 1987; 1147:229-263.
Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem 2004; 37:277-285.
Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem 2005; 38:1103-1111.
Emre S, Akoglu G, Metin A, Demirseren DD, Isikoglu S, Oztekin A, Erel O. The oxidant and antioxidant status in pityriasis rosea. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:118.
Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt Biochem 1976; 72:248-254.
Armutçu A, Gürel A, Kurtman S, Mungan AG, íœnalacak M. Alkol Alışkanlığı Olanlarda Lipid Peroksidayonu ve Serum Demir Parametreleri. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2003; 2:61-67.
Fırat S. Alkole Bağlı Karaciğer Hasarının önlenmesinde Sarımsak, Vitamin E ve Melatonin Etkilerinin Kıyaslanması. Uzmanlık Tezi, ć°nönü íœniversitesi, Malatya, 2005.
Kutlubay R, Oğuz EO, Turgut G, Kocamaz E. Karaciğer ve böbrek üzerine etanolün toksisitesi ve L-NAME'in Koruyucu etkisi. SDíœ Tıp Fak Derg 2008; 15: 11-17.
Maestre C, Delgado"Esteban M, Gomez"Sanchez JC, Bolaños JP, Almeida A. Cdk5 phosphorylates Cdh1 and modulates cyclin B1 stability in excitotoxicity. EMBO J 2008; 27:2736-2745.
Eichhorn JM, Kothari A, Chambers TC. Cyclin B1 overexpression induces cell death independent of mitotic arrest. PloS One 2014; 9(11): e113283.
Kannan K, Jain SK. Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysiology 2000; 7:153-163.
Hoh NZ. Bcl-2 genotypes and outcomes after traumatic brain injury. PhD Thesis. University of Pittsburgh, 2008.