Issue
Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula stoechas L.
Corresponding Author(s) : Tunay Karan
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 64 No. 14: Issue 14
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants play a significant role in drug discovery. Lavandula stoechas L. has been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of this work is to investigate the phytochemisty of Lavandula stoechas with biological activities. An aerial part of the plant was extracted with methanol. Another sample of plant was boiled in water then aqueous part was extracted with ethyl acetate. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds, organic acids and flavonoids in methanol extract were carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time of Flight/Mass Spectrometry, HPLC-TOF/MS. Rosmarinic acid was found as a chief compound (80.9%). The essential oil was generated by steam distillation and identified by GC-MS. The main constituents were camphor (48.1%) and fenchone (30.5%). The essential oil exhibited good insecticidal activity on Sitophilus granarius and Sitophilus oryzae pests as 43.3% and 62.9% mortality, respectively. However, the methanol extract has only insecticidal activity against S. granaries (50.0%). The antioxidant activities were investigated using assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging, reducing power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging on both extracts. In addition, total phenolic contents were determined. Total phenolic content of EtOAc extract was found as 2.18 g GAE (Gallic acid equivalent) phenolic compounds/kg plant. Whereas, total phenolic of methanol was 3.33 g GAE/kg plant. EtOAc extract revealed the considerable DPPH• scavenging, ABTS•+ scavenging and reducing power activities with the values of 28.71 (IC50, µg/ml), 8.72 (IC50, µg/ml) and 6.99 (µmol trolox equivalent/mg extract) respectively.
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- REFERENCES
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- Erenler R, Sen O, Yildiz I, Aydin A. Antiproliferative activities of chemical constituents isolated from Thymus praecox subsp grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas. Rec Nat Prod 2016; 10:766-770.
- Karan T, Erenler R. Screening of norharmane from seven cyanobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:723-725.
- Karan T, Erenler R. Effect of Salt and pH Stress of Bioactive Metabolite Production in Geitlerinema carotinosum. Int J Sec Metabol 2017; 4:16-19.
- Demirtas I, Erenler R, Elmastas M, Goktasoglu A. Studies on the antioxidant potential of flavones of Allium vineale isolated from its water-soluble fraction. Food Chem 2013; 136:34-40.
- Elmastas M, Erenler R, Isnac B, Aksit H, Sen O, Genc N et al. Isolation and identification of a new neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Teucrium chamaedrys L. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:299-304.
- Elmastaş M, Telci ć°, Akşit H, Erenler R. Comparison of total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in mint genotypes used as spices/Baharat olarak kullanılan nane genotiplerinin toplam fenolik içerikleri ve antioksidan kapasitelerinin karşılaştırılması. Turk J Biochem 2015; 40:456-462.
- Topçu G, Yapar G, Türkmen Z, Gören AC, í–ksüz S, Schilling JK et al. Ovarian antiproliferative activity directed isolation of triterpenoids from fruits of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Phytochem Lett 2011; 4:421-425.
- Ertas A, Boga M, Kizil M, Ceken B, Goren AC, Hasimi N et al. Chemical profile and biological activities of Veronica thymoides subsp. pseudocinerea. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:334-339.
- Davis PH. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: University Press, 1982.
- Zuzarte M, Goncalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Benzarti A, Marongiu B et al. Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of Lavandula stoechas and Thymus herba-barona essential oils. Ind Crop Prod 2013; 44:97-103.
- Kirmizibekmez H, Demirci B, Yesilada E, Baser KHC, Demirci F. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp stoechas Growing Wild in Turkey. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:1001-1006.
- Videira R, Castanheira P, Graos M, Salgueiro L, Faro C, Cavaleiro C. A necrodane monoterpenoid from Lavandula luisieri essential oil as a cell-permeable inhibitor of BACE-1, the β-secretase in Alzheimer's disease. Flavour Frag J 2013; 28:380-388.
- Kulkarni RR, Joshi SP. New 2,2-diphenylpropane and ethoxylated aromatic monoterpenes from Lavandula gibsoni (Lamiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1323-1329.
- Kurkin VA, Lamrini M. Flavonoids of Lavandula spica flowers. Chem Nat Compd+ 2007; 43:702-703.
- Wu X, Liu J, Yu ZB, Ye YH, Zhou YW. Chemical constituents of Lavandula augustifolia. Acta Chim Sinica 2007; 65:1649-1653.
- Gabrieli C, Kokkalou E. A new acetylated glucoside of luteolin and two flavone glucosides from Lavandula stoechas ssp stoechas. Pharmazie 2003; 58:426-427.
- Topcu G, Ayral MN, Aydin A, Goren AC, Chai HB, Pezzuto JM. Triterpenoids of the roots of Lavandula stoechas ssp stoechas. Pharmazie 2001; 56:892-895.
- Karan T, Yildiz I, Aydin A, Erenler R. Inhibition of Various Cancer Cells Proliferation of Bornyl Acetate and Essential Oil from Inula graveolens (Linnaeus) Desf. Rec Nat Prod 2018; 12:273-283.
- Ertas A, Gören AC, Boga M, Demirci S, Kolak U. Chemical composition of the essential oils of three Centaurea species growing wild in Anatolia and their anticholinesterase activities. J Essent O Bear Pl 2014; 17:922-926.
- Park BS, Lee SE, Choi WS, Jeong CY, Song C, Cho KY. Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of pipernonaline and piperoctadecalidine derived from dried fruits of Piper longum L. Crop Prot 2002; 21:249-251.
- Abay G, Karakoc OC, Tufekci AR, Koldas S, Demirtas I. Insecticidal activity of Hypnum cupressiforme (Bryophyta) against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Stored Prod Res 2012; 51:6-10.
- Piasecka-Kwiatkowska D, Nawrot J, Zielińska-Dawidziak M, Gawlak M, Michalak M. Detection of grain infestation caused by the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) using zymography for α-amylase activity. J Stored Prod Res 2014; 56:43-48.
- Koutsaviti A, Antonopoulou V, Vlassi A, Antonatos S, Michaelakis A, Papachristos DP et al. Chemical composition and fumigant activity of essential oils from six plant families against Sitophilus oryzae (Col: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science 2018; 91:873-886.
- Gulcin I. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:345-391.
- Elmastas M, Ozturk L, Gokce I, Erenler R, Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of antioxidant activity of marshmallow flower (Althaea officinalis L.). Anal Lett 2004; 37:1859-1869.
- Erenler R, Telci I, Ulutas M, Demirtas I, Gul F, Elmastas M et al. Chemical constituents, quantitative analysis and antioxidant activities of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Journal of Food Biochemistry 2015.
- Polatoğlu K, Karakoç í–C, Gören N. Phytotoxic, DPPH scavenging, insecticidal activities and essential oil composition of Achillea vermicularis, A. teretifolia and proposed chemotypes of A. biebersteinii (Asteraceae). Ind Crop Prod 2013; 51:35-45.
- Singleton VL, Slinkard K. Total phenol analysis: Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Viticult 1977; 28:49-55.
- Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958; 181:1199-1200.
- Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn J Nutr 1986; 44:307-315.
- Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Bio Med 1999; 26:1231-1237.
- Palombo EA. Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011; 2011.
- í–ZTíœRK B, KONYALIOćžLU S, KANTARCI G, í‡ETć°NKOL D. ć°ZMć°R Yí–RESć°NDEKć° YABANć° Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas TAKSONUNDAN ELDE EDć°LEN Uí‡UCU YAćžIN Bć°LEÅžć°Mć°, ANTć°BAKTERć°YEL, ANTć°FUNGAL VE ANTć°OKSć°DAN KAPASć°TESć°. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 2005; 15.
- Baytop T. Turkiye'de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Gecmiste ve Bugun). Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, Istanbul 1999.
- Erdemli HK, Akyol S, Armutcu F, Akyol O. Antiviral properties of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and its potential application. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4:344-7.
- Xie YC, Huang B, Yu KX, Xu WF. Further discovery of caffeic acid derivatives as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Bioorgan Med Chem 2013; 21:7715-7723.
- Bulgakov VP, Inyushkina YV, Fedoreyev SA. Rosmarinic acid and its derivatives: biotechnology and applications. Critical reviews in biotechnology 2012; 32:203-217.
- Takeda H, Tsuji M, Inazu M, Egashira T, Matsumiya T. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid produce antidepressive-like effect in the forced swimming test in mice. European journal of pharmacology 2002; 449:261-267.
- Costa P, Gonçalves S, Valentí£o P, Andrade PB, Almeida C, Nogueira JM et al. Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts. Food chemistry 2013; 141:2501-2506.
- Angioni A, Barra A, Coroneo V, Dessi S, Cabras P. Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers. J Agr Food Chem 2006; 54:4364-4370.
- Benabdelkader T, Zitouni A, Guitton Y, Jullien F, Maitre D, Casabianca H et al. Essential oils from wild populations of Algerian Lavandula stoechas L.: composition, chemical variability, and in vitro biological properties. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:937-953.
- Messaoud C, Chograni H, Boussaid M. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of three wild Lavandula L. species. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:1976-1984.
- Edde PA. A review of the biology and control of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) the lesser grain borer. J Stored Prod Res 2012; 48:1-18.
- Sundararajan G, Kumuthakalavalli R. Antifeedant activity of aqueous extract of Gnidia glauca Gilg. and Toddalia asiatica Lam. on the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn). J Environ Biol 2001; 22:11-14.
- Gülçin íŒ, Åžat ć°G, Beydemir Åž, Elmastaş M, Küfrevioǧlu í–ć°. Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove (Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.). Food Chemistry 2004; 87:393-400.
References
REFERENCES
Aksit H, í‡elik SM, Sen í–, Erenler R, Demirtas I, Telci I et al. Complete isolation and characterization of polar portion of Mentha dumetorum water extract. Rec Nat Prod 2014; 8:277-280.
Erenler R, Sen O, Yildiz I, Aydin A. Antiproliferative activities of chemical constituents isolated from Thymus praecox subsp grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas. Rec Nat Prod 2016; 10:766-770.
Karan T, Erenler R. Screening of norharmane from seven cyanobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:723-725.
Karan T, Erenler R. Effect of Salt and pH Stress of Bioactive Metabolite Production in Geitlerinema carotinosum. Int J Sec Metabol 2017; 4:16-19.
Demirtas I, Erenler R, Elmastas M, Goktasoglu A. Studies on the antioxidant potential of flavones of Allium vineale isolated from its water-soluble fraction. Food Chem 2013; 136:34-40.
Elmastas M, Erenler R, Isnac B, Aksit H, Sen O, Genc N et al. Isolation and identification of a new neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Teucrium chamaedrys L. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:299-304.
Elmastaş M, Telci ć°, Akşit H, Erenler R. Comparison of total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in mint genotypes used as spices/Baharat olarak kullanılan nane genotiplerinin toplam fenolik içerikleri ve antioksidan kapasitelerinin karşılaştırılması. Turk J Biochem 2015; 40:456-462.
Topçu G, Yapar G, Türkmen Z, Gören AC, í–ksüz S, Schilling JK et al. Ovarian antiproliferative activity directed isolation of triterpenoids from fruits of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Phytochem Lett 2011; 4:421-425.
Ertas A, Boga M, Kizil M, Ceken B, Goren AC, Hasimi N et al. Chemical profile and biological activities of Veronica thymoides subsp. pseudocinerea. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:334-339.
Davis PH. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: University Press, 1982.
Zuzarte M, Goncalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Benzarti A, Marongiu B et al. Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of Lavandula stoechas and Thymus herba-barona essential oils. Ind Crop Prod 2013; 44:97-103.
Kirmizibekmez H, Demirci B, Yesilada E, Baser KHC, Demirci F. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp stoechas Growing Wild in Turkey. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:1001-1006.
Videira R, Castanheira P, Graos M, Salgueiro L, Faro C, Cavaleiro C. A necrodane monoterpenoid from Lavandula luisieri essential oil as a cell-permeable inhibitor of BACE-1, the β-secretase in Alzheimer's disease. Flavour Frag J 2013; 28:380-388.
Kulkarni RR, Joshi SP. New 2,2-diphenylpropane and ethoxylated aromatic monoterpenes from Lavandula gibsoni (Lamiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1323-1329.
Kurkin VA, Lamrini M. Flavonoids of Lavandula spica flowers. Chem Nat Compd+ 2007; 43:702-703.
Wu X, Liu J, Yu ZB, Ye YH, Zhou YW. Chemical constituents of Lavandula augustifolia. Acta Chim Sinica 2007; 65:1649-1653.
Gabrieli C, Kokkalou E. A new acetylated glucoside of luteolin and two flavone glucosides from Lavandula stoechas ssp stoechas. Pharmazie 2003; 58:426-427.
Topcu G, Ayral MN, Aydin A, Goren AC, Chai HB, Pezzuto JM. Triterpenoids of the roots of Lavandula stoechas ssp stoechas. Pharmazie 2001; 56:892-895.
Karan T, Yildiz I, Aydin A, Erenler R. Inhibition of Various Cancer Cells Proliferation of Bornyl Acetate and Essential Oil from Inula graveolens (Linnaeus) Desf. Rec Nat Prod 2018; 12:273-283.
Ertas A, Gören AC, Boga M, Demirci S, Kolak U. Chemical composition of the essential oils of three Centaurea species growing wild in Anatolia and their anticholinesterase activities. J Essent O Bear Pl 2014; 17:922-926.
Park BS, Lee SE, Choi WS, Jeong CY, Song C, Cho KY. Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of pipernonaline and piperoctadecalidine derived from dried fruits of Piper longum L. Crop Prot 2002; 21:249-251.
Abay G, Karakoc OC, Tufekci AR, Koldas S, Demirtas I. Insecticidal activity of Hypnum cupressiforme (Bryophyta) against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Stored Prod Res 2012; 51:6-10.
Piasecka-Kwiatkowska D, Nawrot J, Zielińska-Dawidziak M, Gawlak M, Michalak M. Detection of grain infestation caused by the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) using zymography for α-amylase activity. J Stored Prod Res 2014; 56:43-48.
Koutsaviti A, Antonopoulou V, Vlassi A, Antonatos S, Michaelakis A, Papachristos DP et al. Chemical composition and fumigant activity of essential oils from six plant families against Sitophilus oryzae (Col: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science 2018; 91:873-886.
Gulcin I. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:345-391.
Elmastas M, Ozturk L, Gokce I, Erenler R, Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of antioxidant activity of marshmallow flower (Althaea officinalis L.). Anal Lett 2004; 37:1859-1869.
Erenler R, Telci I, Ulutas M, Demirtas I, Gul F, Elmastas M et al. Chemical constituents, quantitative analysis and antioxidant activities of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Journal of Food Biochemistry 2015.
Polatoğlu K, Karakoç í–C, Gören N. Phytotoxic, DPPH scavenging, insecticidal activities and essential oil composition of Achillea vermicularis, A. teretifolia and proposed chemotypes of A. biebersteinii (Asteraceae). Ind Crop Prod 2013; 51:35-45.
Singleton VL, Slinkard K. Total phenol analysis: Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Viticult 1977; 28:49-55.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958; 181:1199-1200.
Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction: Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn J Nutr 1986; 44:307-315.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Bio Med 1999; 26:1231-1237.
Palombo EA. Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011; 2011.
í–ZTíœRK B, KONYALIOćžLU S, KANTARCI G, í‡ETć°NKOL D. ć°ZMć°R Yí–RESć°NDEKć° YABANć° Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas TAKSONUNDAN ELDE EDć°LEN Uí‡UCU YAćžIN Bć°LEÅžć°Mć°, ANTć°BAKTERć°YEL, ANTć°FUNGAL VE ANTć°OKSć°DAN KAPASć°TESć°. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 2005; 15.
Baytop T. Turkiye'de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Gecmiste ve Bugun). Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, Istanbul 1999.
Erdemli HK, Akyol S, Armutcu F, Akyol O. Antiviral properties of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and its potential application. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4:344-7.
Xie YC, Huang B, Yu KX, Xu WF. Further discovery of caffeic acid derivatives as novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Bioorgan Med Chem 2013; 21:7715-7723.
Bulgakov VP, Inyushkina YV, Fedoreyev SA. Rosmarinic acid and its derivatives: biotechnology and applications. Critical reviews in biotechnology 2012; 32:203-217.
Takeda H, Tsuji M, Inazu M, Egashira T, Matsumiya T. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid produce antidepressive-like effect in the forced swimming test in mice. European journal of pharmacology 2002; 449:261-267.
Costa P, Gonçalves S, Valentí£o P, Andrade PB, Almeida C, Nogueira JM et al. Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts. Food chemistry 2013; 141:2501-2506.
Angioni A, Barra A, Coroneo V, Dessi S, Cabras P. Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers. J Agr Food Chem 2006; 54:4364-4370.
Benabdelkader T, Zitouni A, Guitton Y, Jullien F, Maitre D, Casabianca H et al. Essential oils from wild populations of Algerian Lavandula stoechas L.: composition, chemical variability, and in vitro biological properties. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:937-953.
Messaoud C, Chograni H, Boussaid M. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of three wild Lavandula L. species. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:1976-1984.
Edde PA. A review of the biology and control of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) the lesser grain borer. J Stored Prod Res 2012; 48:1-18.
Sundararajan G, Kumuthakalavalli R. Antifeedant activity of aqueous extract of Gnidia glauca Gilg. and Toddalia asiatica Lam. on the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn). J Environ Biol 2001; 22:11-14.
Gülçin íŒ, Åžat ć°G, Beydemir Åž, Elmastaş M, Küfrevioǧlu í–ć°. Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove (Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.). Food Chemistry 2004; 87:393-400.