LncRNA SNHG1 promotes the development of oral cavity cancer via regulating the miR-421/HMGB2 axis

Jun Liu; Chaoyue Zhao; Song Yang; Chen Dong

doi:10.14715/cmb/2020.66.8.3

Issue

Vol. 66 No. 8: Issue 8

Issue Published : February 7, 2021

The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.

LncRNA SNHG1 promotes the development of oral cavity cancer via regulating the miR-421/HMGB2 axis

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2020.66.8.3

Jun Liu

Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Chaoyue Zhao

Department of Prosthodontics, The First Hospital of Herbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Song Yang

Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Chen Dong

Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Corresponding Author(s) : Chen Dong

Iamdc_0323@163.com

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 66 No. 8: Issue 8
Article Published : December 31, 2020

Abstract

Oral cancer (OC) is a common malignant tumor in oral surgery, which is prone to metastasis and the prognosis is not optimistic. Long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of endogenous transcripts with more than 200bp in length, lack of specific and complete open reading frame, and does not have the function of protein-coding. Studies have found that it can regulate gene expression at many levels, such as epigenetic level, transcriptional level and post-transcriptional level, thus affecting the occurrence and development of diseases. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence, development, of oral cancer, are associated with lncRNA. In this research, we found that lncRNA SNHG1 was up-regulated in oral cancer. Knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 would inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells. Then we revealed a new mechanism that lncRNA SNHG1 regulated the growth of oral cancer via controlling the miR-421/HMGB2 axis, which provided new therapy for patients with oral cancer.

Keywords

Oral cancer lncRNA SNHG1 miRNA Proliferation.

Liu, J., Zhao, C., Yang, S., & Dong, C. (2020). LncRNA SNHG1 promotes the development of oral cavity cancer via regulating the miR-421/HMGB2 axis. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 66(8), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2020.66.8.3

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References

Chaturvedi AK, Udaltsova N, Engels EA, Katzel JA, Yanik EL, Katki HA, Lingen MW, Silverberg MJ. Oral leukoplakia and risk of progression to oral cancer: A population-based cohort study. JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020; 112(10):1047-54.
Kazemi E, Kahrizi D. Lack of association between gastric cancer and hopq alleles in Helicobacter pylori. Genetika 2016; 48(3): 893-902
Murphy G, Kamangar F, Albanes D, Stanczyk FZ, Weinstein SJ, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND. Serum ghrelin is inversely associated with risk of subsequent oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gut 2012; 61(11):1533-7.
Martens-Uzunova ES, Böttcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T, Calin GA. Long noncoding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. European urology. 2014; 65(6):1140-51.
Ramnarine VR, Kobelev M, Gibb EA, Nouri M, Lin D, Wang Y, Buttyan R, Davicioni E, Zoubeidi A, Collins CC. The evolution of long noncoding RNA acceptance in prostate cancer initiation, progression, and its clinical utility in disease management. European urology. 2019 Nov 1; 76(5):546-59.
Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Lodish HF. Emerging mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function during normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Blood, J Am Soc Hematol 2017; 130(18):1965-75.
Beermann J, Piccoli MT, Viereck J, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs in development and disease: background, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches. Physiol Rev 2016; 96(4):1297-325.
Tao D, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Zhang P, Yuan H, Liu L, Cheng J, Jiang H. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma through metastasis"associated gene 2. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59(4):353-64.
Bordbar M, Darvishzadeh R, Pazhouhandeh M, Kahrizi D. An overview of genome editing methods based on endonucleases. Mod Genet J 2020; 15(2): 75-92.
Li J, Chen Z, Tian L, Zhou C, He MY, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhou F, Shi S, Feng X, Sun N. LncRNA profile study reveals a three-lncRNA signature associated with the survival of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gut 2014; 63(11):1700-10.
Chang SM, Hu WW. Long non"coding RNA MALAT1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma development via microRNA"125b/STAT3 axis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233(4):3384-96.
Lu Q, Shan S, Li Y, Zhu D, Jin W, Ren T. Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes non"small cell lung cancer progression by up"regulating MTDH via sponging miR"145–5p. The FASEB J 2018; 32(7):3957-67.
Zhang M, Wang W, Li T, Yu X, Zhu Y, Ding F, Li D, Yang T. Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 predicts a poor prognosis and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016; 80:73-9.
Cui L, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Kong C, Liu Y, Jiang X, Zhang X. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG1 inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion by suppressing the Notch"1 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120(4):6106-12.
Xu M, Chen X, Lin K, Zeng K, Liu X, Pan B, Xu X, Xu T, Hu X, Sun L, He B. The long noncoding RNA SNHG1 regulates colorectal cancer cell growth through interactions with EZH2 and miR-154-5p. Mol Cancer 2018; 17(1):1-6.
Sun Y, Wei G, Luo H, Wu W, Skogerbí¸ G, Luo J, Chen R. The long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes tumor growth through regulating transcription of both local and distal genes. Oncogene. 2017; 36(49):6774-83.
Janakiraman H, House RP, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH, Palanisamy V. The long (lncRNA) and short (miRNA) of it: TGFÎ²-mediated control of RNA-binding proteins and noncoding RNAs. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16(4):567-79.
L Wang L, Cho KB, Li Y, Tao G, Xie Z, Guo B. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated competing endogenous RNA networks provide novel potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(22):5758.
Petrick JL, Wyss AB, Butler AM, Cummings C, Sun X, Poole C, Smith JS, Olshan AF. Prevalence of human papillomavirus among oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2014; 110(9):2369-77.
Smyth EC, Lagergren J, Fitzgerald RC, Lordick F, Shah MA, Lagergren P, Cunningham D. Oesophageal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2017; 3(1):1-21.
Zhong LP, Zhang CP, Ren GX, Guo W, William Jr WN, Hong CS, Sun J, Zhu HG, Tu WY, Li J, Cai YL. Long-term results of a randomized phase III trial of TPF induction chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015; 6(21):18707.
Tímár J, Ladányi A, Forster-Horváth C, Lukits J, DoÌˆme B, Remenár í‰, Godény M, Kásler M, Bencsik B, Répássy G, SzaboÌ G. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma modulates intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio and tumor microenvironment: a multicenter phase II clinical trial. J Clinic Oncol 2005; 23(15):3421-32.
Zhou X, Liu S, Cai G, Kong L, Zhang T, Ren Y, Wu Y, Mei M, Zhang L, Wang X. Long non coding RNA MALAT1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15972.
Zhu M, Zhang C, Chen D, Chen S, Zheng H. lncRNA MALAT1 potentiates the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through regulating miR-140-5p-PAK1 pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1365.
Jia LF, Wei SB, Gan YH, Guo Y, Gong K, Mitchelson K, Cheng J, Yu GY. Expression, regulation and roles of miR"26a and MEG3 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2014; 135(10):2282-93.
Lu MY, Liao YW, Chen PY, Hsieh PL, Fang CY, Wu CY, Yen ML, Peng BY, Wang DP, Cheng HC, Wu CZ. Targeting LncRNA HOTAIR suppresses cancer stemness and metastasis in oral carcinomas stem cells through modulation of EMT. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(58):98542.
Guo W, Huang J, Lei P, Guo L, Li X. LncRNA SNHG1 promoted HGC-27 cell growth and migration via the miR-140/ADAM10 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:817-23.
X Li X, Zheng H. LncRNA SNHG1 influences cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non"small cell lung cancer cells via the miR"361"3p/FRAT1 axis. Thoracic Cancer 2020; 11(2):295-304.
Yu H, Yao X, Meng X. P-132 A novel LncRNA (LOC105371049) regulates colorectal cancer proliferation, metastasis and metabolism. Ann Oncol 2019; 30(Supplement_4):mdz155-131.
Thin KZ, Tu JC, Raveendran S. Long non-coding SNHG1 in cancer. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2019; 494:38-47.
Yan Y, Fan Q, Wang L, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhou K. LncRNA Snhg1, a non-degradable sponge for miR-338, promotes expression of proto-oncogene CST3 in primary esophageal cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(22):35750.
Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Yari K. Gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori: impact of hopQII gene. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 62(2): 107-110.
Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Amini A, Mousavi SAR, Yari K. Association between Helicobacter pylori hopQI genotyping and human gastric cancer. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 62(1): 6-9.
Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi, M, Amini S, Mousavi S.A.R., Yari K. Association between Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD Val-9Ala) genotypes with the risk of generalized aggressive periodontitis disease. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 61 (8): 49-52.
Chen X, Ren X, Xue J, Xi L. The Impact of Paclitaxel-Containing Nanoliposomes on the Proliferation of and Invasion by Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 2020; 12(3):361-7.
Jin Y, Zhu H, Zhu H, Jin F, Shi C, Yang L, Qian J, Zhang S. Fluorouracil Nanoliposomes Promote Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett 2020; 12: 690–695.
Pan D, Xia XX, Zhou H, Jin SQ, Lu YY, Liu H, Gao ML, Jin ZB. COCO enhances the efficiency of photoreceptor precursor differentiation in early human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Stem Cell Research Ther 2020; 11(1):1-2. Doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01883-5.
Zhang J, Liu B. A review on the recent developments of sequence-based protein feature extraction methods. Curr Bioinform 2019; 14(3):190-9. Doi: 10.2174/1574893614666181212102749.
Chen G, Li Y, Ren Z, Gu Y, Tang F, Mao J, Zhu J, Wang L, Li Y. Clinical Significance of MicroRNA-155-Regulated Autophagy and Apoptosis by Targeting Rictor/Fos in Gastric Cancer Progression. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 2020; 12(4):525-35.
Alkhudhayri AA, Wahab R, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J. Selenium Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Liver (HepG2) Cell Lines. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 2020; 12(3):324-30.
Qu K, Wei L, Zou Q. A review of DNA-binding proteins prediction methods. Current Bioinformatics. 2019; 14(3):246-54. Doi: 10.2174/1574893614666181212102030.
Zou Q, Xing P, Wei L, Liu B. Gene2vec: gene subsequence embedding for prediction of mammalian N6-methyladenosine sites from mRNA. rna. 2019; 25(2):205-18. Doi: 10.1261/rna.069112.118.
Jiang Q, Wang G, Jin S, Li Y, Wang Y. Predicting human microRNA-disease associations based on support vector machine. International journal of data mining and bioinformatics. 2013; 8(3):282-93. Doi: Int J Data Min Bioinform.
Su Q, Liu Y, Lv XW, Dai RX, Yang XH, Kong BH. LncRNA TUG1 mediates ischemic myocardial injury by targeting miR-132-3p/HDAC3 axis. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2020; 318(2):H332-44. Doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2019.
Xu L, Jiang S, Zou Q. An in silico approach to identification, categorization and prediction of nucleic acid binding proteins. bioRxiv. 2020. Doi: 10.1093/bib/ bbaa171.
Zhu S, Wang X, Zheng Z, Zhao XE, Bai Y, Liu H. Synchronous measuring of triptolide changes in rat brain and blood and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and Alzheimer's disease rats. J Pharmaceutic Biomed Anal 2020; 113263. 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113263.

References

Chaturvedi AK, Udaltsova N, Engels EA, Katzel JA, Yanik EL, Katki HA, Lingen MW, Silverberg MJ. Oral leukoplakia and risk of progression to oral cancer: A population-based cohort study. JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020; 112(10):1047-54.

Kazemi E, Kahrizi D. Lack of association between gastric cancer and hopq alleles in Helicobacter pylori. Genetika 2016; 48(3): 893-902

Murphy G, Kamangar F, Albanes D, Stanczyk FZ, Weinstein SJ, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND. Serum ghrelin is inversely associated with risk of subsequent oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gut 2012; 61(11):1533-7.

Martens-Uzunova ES, Böttcher R, Croce CM, Jenster G, Visakorpi T, Calin GA. Long noncoding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. European urology. 2014; 65(6):1140-51.

Ramnarine VR, Kobelev M, Gibb EA, Nouri M, Lin D, Wang Y, Buttyan R, Davicioni E, Zoubeidi A, Collins CC. The evolution of long noncoding RNA acceptance in prostate cancer initiation, progression, and its clinical utility in disease management. European urology. 2019 Nov 1; 76(5):546-59.

Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Lodish HF. Emerging mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function during normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Blood, J Am Soc Hematol 2017; 130(18):1965-75.

Beermann J, Piccoli MT, Viereck J, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs in development and disease: background, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches. Physiol Rev 2016; 96(4):1297-325.

Tao D, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Zhang P, Yuan H, Liu L, Cheng J, Jiang H. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma through metastasis"associated gene 2. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59(4):353-64.

Bordbar M, Darvishzadeh R, Pazhouhandeh M, Kahrizi D. An overview of genome editing methods based on endonucleases. Mod Genet J 2020; 15(2): 75-92.

Li J, Chen Z, Tian L, Zhou C, He MY, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhou F, Shi S, Feng X, Sun N. LncRNA profile study reveals a three-lncRNA signature associated with the survival of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gut 2014; 63(11):1700-10.

Chang SM, Hu WW. Long non"coding RNA MALAT1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma development via microRNA"125b/STAT3 axis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233(4):3384-96.

Lu Q, Shan S, Li Y, Zhu D, Jin W, Ren T. Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes non"small cell lung cancer progression by up"regulating MTDH via sponging miR"145–5p. The FASEB J 2018; 32(7):3957-67.

Zhang M, Wang W, Li T, Yu X, Zhu Y, Ding F, Li D, Yang T. Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 predicts a poor prognosis and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016; 80:73-9.

Cui L, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Kong C, Liu Y, Jiang X, Zhang X. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG1 inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion by suppressing the Notch"1 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120(4):6106-12.

Xu M, Chen X, Lin K, Zeng K, Liu X, Pan B, Xu X, Xu T, Hu X, Sun L, He B. The long noncoding RNA SNHG1 regulates colorectal cancer cell growth through interactions with EZH2 and miR-154-5p. Mol Cancer 2018; 17(1):1-6.

Sun Y, Wei G, Luo H, Wu W, Skogerbí¸ G, Luo J, Chen R. The long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes tumor growth through regulating transcription of both local and distal genes. Oncogene. 2017; 36(49):6774-83.

Janakiraman H, House RP, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH, Palanisamy V. The long (lncRNA) and short (miRNA) of it: TGFÎ²-mediated control of RNA-binding proteins and noncoding RNAs. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16(4):567-79.

L Wang L, Cho KB, Li Y, Tao G, Xie Z, Guo B. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated competing endogenous RNA networks provide novel potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(22):5758.

Petrick JL, Wyss AB, Butler AM, Cummings C, Sun X, Poole C, Smith JS, Olshan AF. Prevalence of human papillomavirus among oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2014; 110(9):2369-77.

Smyth EC, Lagergren J, Fitzgerald RC, Lordick F, Shah MA, Lagergren P, Cunningham D. Oesophageal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2017; 3(1):1-21.

Zhong LP, Zhang CP, Ren GX, Guo W, William Jr WN, Hong CS, Sun J, Zhu HG, Tu WY, Li J, Cai YL. Long-term results of a randomized phase III trial of TPF induction chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015; 6(21):18707.

Tímár J, Ladányi A, Forster-Horváth C, Lukits J, DoÌˆme B, Remenár í‰, Godény M, Kásler M, Bencsik B, Répássy G, SzaboÌ G. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma modulates intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio and tumor microenvironment: a multicenter phase II clinical trial. J Clinic Oncol 2005; 23(15):3421-32.

Zhou X, Liu S, Cai G, Kong L, Zhang T, Ren Y, Wu Y, Mei M, Zhang L, Wang X. Long non coding RNA MALAT1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15972.

Zhu M, Zhang C, Chen D, Chen S, Zheng H. lncRNA MALAT1 potentiates the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through regulating miR-140-5p-PAK1 pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1365.

Jia LF, Wei SB, Gan YH, Guo Y, Gong K, Mitchelson K, Cheng J, Yu GY. Expression, regulation and roles of miR"26a and MEG3 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2014; 135(10):2282-93.

Lu MY, Liao YW, Chen PY, Hsieh PL, Fang CY, Wu CY, Yen ML, Peng BY, Wang DP, Cheng HC, Wu CZ. Targeting LncRNA HOTAIR suppresses cancer stemness and metastasis in oral carcinomas stem cells through modulation of EMT. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(58):98542.

Guo W, Huang J, Lei P, Guo L, Li X. LncRNA SNHG1 promoted HGC-27 cell growth and migration via the miR-140/ADAM10 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:817-23.

X Li X, Zheng H. LncRNA SNHG1 influences cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non"small cell lung cancer cells via the miR"361"3p/FRAT1 axis. Thoracic Cancer 2020; 11(2):295-304.

Yu H, Yao X, Meng X. P-132 A novel LncRNA (LOC105371049) regulates colorectal cancer proliferation, metastasis and metabolism. Ann Oncol 2019; 30(Supplement_4):mdz155-131.

Thin KZ, Tu JC, Raveendran S. Long non-coding SNHG1 in cancer. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2019; 494:38-47.

Yan Y, Fan Q, Wang L, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhou K. LncRNA Snhg1, a non-degradable sponge for miR-338, promotes expression of proto-oncogene CST3 in primary esophageal cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(22):35750.

Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Yari K. Gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori: impact of hopQII gene. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 62(2): 107-110.

Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Amini A, Mousavi SAR, Yari K. Association between Helicobacter pylori hopQI genotyping and human gastric cancer. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 62(1): 6-9.

Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi, M, Amini S, Mousavi S.A.R., Yari K. Association between Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD Val-9Ala) genotypes with the risk of generalized aggressive periodontitis disease. Cell Mol Biol 2016; 61 (8): 49-52.

Chen X, Ren X, Xue J, Xi L. The Impact of Paclitaxel-Containing Nanoliposomes on the Proliferation of and Invasion by Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 2020; 12(3):361-7.

Jin Y, Zhu H, Zhu H, Jin F, Shi C, Yang L, Qian J, Zhang S. Fluorouracil Nanoliposomes Promote Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett 2020; 12: 690–695.

Pan D, Xia XX, Zhou H, Jin SQ, Lu YY, Liu H, Gao ML, Jin ZB. COCO enhances the efficiency of photoreceptor precursor differentiation in early human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Stem Cell Research Ther 2020; 11(1):1-2. Doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01883-5.

Zhang J, Liu B. A review on the recent developments of sequence-based protein feature extraction methods. Curr Bioinform 2019; 14(3):190-9. Doi: 10.2174/1574893614666181212102749.

Chen G, Li Y, Ren Z, Gu Y, Tang F, Mao J, Zhu J, Wang L, Li Y. Clinical Significance of MicroRNA-155-Regulated Autophagy and Apoptosis by Targeting Rictor/Fos in Gastric Cancer Progression. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 2020; 12(4):525-35.

Alkhudhayri AA, Wahab R, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J. Selenium Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Liver (HepG2) Cell Lines. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett 2020; 12(3):324-30.

Qu K, Wei L, Zou Q. A review of DNA-binding proteins prediction methods. Current Bioinformatics. 2019; 14(3):246-54. Doi: 10.2174/1574893614666181212102030.

Zou Q, Xing P, Wei L, Liu B. Gene2vec: gene subsequence embedding for prediction of mammalian N6-methyladenosine sites from mRNA. rna. 2019; 25(2):205-18. Doi: 10.1261/rna.069112.118.

Jiang Q, Wang G, Jin S, Li Y, Wang Y. Predicting human microRNA-disease associations based on support vector machine. International journal of data mining and bioinformatics. 2013; 8(3):282-93. Doi: Int J Data Min Bioinform.

Su Q, Liu Y, Lv XW, Dai RX, Yang XH, Kong BH. LncRNA TUG1 mediates ischemic myocardial injury by targeting miR-132-3p/HDAC3 axis. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2020; 318(2):H332-44. Doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2019.

Xu L, Jiang S, Zou Q. An in silico approach to identification, categorization and prediction of nucleic acid binding proteins. bioRxiv. 2020. Doi: 10.1093/bib/ bbaa171.

Zhu S, Wang X, Zheng Z, Zhao XE, Bai Y, Liu H. Synchronous measuring of triptolide changes in rat brain and blood and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and Alzheimer's disease rats. J Pharmaceutic Biomed Anal 2020; 113263. 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113263.

Author biographies is not available.