The COX2 genetic variants in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Turkish population

Canan Cacina; Göksu Kaşarci; Kivanç Bektaş; Meral Unur; Bedia Cakmakoglu

doi:10.14715/cmb/2018.64.14.16

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Vol. 64 No. 14: Issue 14

Issue Published : December 3, 2018

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The COX2 genetic variants in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Turkish population

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.14.16

Canan Cacina

Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Göksu Kaşarci

Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Kivanç Bektaş

Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine, Istanbul Dentistry Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Meral Unur

Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine, Istanbul Dentistry Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Bedia Cakmakoglu

Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Corresponding Author(s) : Canan Cacina

canancacina@gmail.com

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 64 No. 14: Issue 14
Article Published : November 30, 2018

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer that genetic and environmental factors also lifestyle habits, infections play important roles in the pathogenesis of disease. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is the inducible isoform of enzyme which convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. It was known that alterations in COX2 gene functions contribute to the inflammation process thus induce cancer progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, invasion and metastasis. A total of 114 cases 165 healthy individuals were included in present study. We aimed to evaluate possible association between the COX2; -765, -1195 polymorphisms and the risk of OSCC. The genotypes were determined by using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. In our study group the carriers of COX2 -765 C allele were statistically higher in patients compared with controls and individuals who had CC genotype had a 3,4 fold high risk for OSCC (p <0,05). We also observed the COX2 -1195 AA genotype frequency was higher in cases that of healthy group and individuals who had AA genotype showed a 1,7 fold increased risk for OSCC (p < 0,05). Haplotype analysis confirmed our result and revealed that the frequencies of COX2 -765C, -1195A haplotype frequencies were significantly higher in patients as compared with those of controls. In conclusion we suggest that COX2, -765, -1195 polymorphisms appear to be an important predictive factor and may be a prognostic biomarker for risk of OSCC. Further investigations with larger study groups are needed to fully elucidate the role of COX2 -765, -1195 variations in the development of OSCC.

Keywords

Oral squamous cell carcinoma Cyclooxygenase Gene variation.

Cacina, C., Kaşarci, G., Bektaş, K., Unur, M., & Cakmakoglu, B. (2018). The COX2 genetic variants in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Turkish population. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(14), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.14.16

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References

Warnakulasuriya S. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2009; 45 (4-5): 309 - 16.
Fuller C, Camilon R, Nguyen S, Jennings J, Day T, Gillespie M. B. Adjunctive diagnostic techniques for oral lesions of unknown malignant potential: systematic review with meta-analysis. Head Neck. 2015; 37(5):755-62.
Pérez-Sayáns M, Somoza-Martín JM, Barros-Angueira F, Reboiras-López MD, Gándara Rey JM, García-García A. Genetic and molecular alterations associated with oral squamous cell cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2009; 22(6):1277-82.
Schetter AJ, Heegaard NH, Harris CC. Inflammation and cancer: interweaving microRNA, free radical, cytokine and p53 pathways. Carcinogenesis. 2010;31(1):37–49.
Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L, Bucci E. Immune activation and chronic inflammation as the cause of malignancy in oral lichen planus: is there any evidence? Oral Oncol. 2004; 40(2): 120–130.
Li TJ, Cui J. COX-2, MMP-7 expression in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 6(8): 640–643.
Noguchi K, Ishikawa I. The roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:85-101.
Miyauchi M, Hiraoka M, Oka H, Sato S, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, et al. Immuno-localization of COX-1 and COX-2 in the rat molar periodontal tissue after topical application of lipo¬polysaccharide. Arch Oral Biol. 2004;49:739-46.
Chandrasekharan NV, Simmons DL. The cyclooxygenases. Genome Biol 2004; 5(9):241.
Tsujii M, DuBois RN: Alterations in cellular adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. Cell. 1995; 83(3):493-501.
Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Sawaoka H, Hori M, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells. Cell. 1998; 93(5):705-16.
Nozoe T, Ezaki T, Kabashima A, Baba H, Maehara Y.Significance of immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Surg 2005; 189(1):110-115.
Pontes HA, Pontes FS, Fonseca FP, de Carvalho PL, Pereira EM, de Abreu MC, et al. Nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase-2 immunoexpression in oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013;17(1):45–50.
Mauro A, Lipari L, Leone A, Tortorici S, Burruano F, Provenzano S, Gerbino A, Buscemi M. et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in normal and pathological human oral mucosa. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2010;48(4):555–563.
Salimi M, Esfahani M, Habibzadeh N, Aslani HR, Amanzadeh A, Esfandiary M, Sedaghati B, Bidgoli SA, Ghahremani MH. Change in nicotine-induced VEGF, PGE2 AND COX-2 expression following COX inhibition in human oral squamous cancer. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2012;31(4):349–356.
Goulart Filho JA, Nonaka CF, da Costa Miguel MC, de Almeida Freitas R, Galví£o HC. Immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009;30(2):89–94.
Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takeda O, Takahashi E, and Tanabe T. Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin- endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem. 1994; 221:889–897.
Liu F, Pan K, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ma J, Dong C, Shen L, Li J, Deng D, Lin D, You W. Genetic variants in cyclooxygenase-2: expression and risk of gastric cancer and its precursors in a Chinese population. Gastroenterology 2006;130(7):1975-84.
Kristinsson JO, van Westerveld P, te Morsche RH, Roelofs HM, Wobbes T, Witteman BJ, Tan AC, van Oijen MG, Jansen JB, Peters WH. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal adeno- or squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(28):3493-3497.
Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90(6):455-60.
Wolff H, Saukkonen K, Anttila S, Karjalainen A, Vainio H, Ristimaki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998 ;58(22):4997-5001.
Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple saltingout procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16(3):1215.
Mozaffari E, Doosti A, Arshi A, Faghani M. Association of COX-2 Promoter Polymorphisms -765G/C and -1195A/G with Migraine. Iran J Public Health. 2016 ;45(12):1625-1635.
Smyth EM, Grosser T, FitzGerald GA. Lipid"derived autacoids: eicosanoids and platelet"activating factor In: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th edn, eds Brunton L, editor; Chabner B, editor; , Knollman B, editor. McGraw"Hill; New York, 2011; 937–57.
Dovizio M, Alberti S, Sacco A, Guillem"Llobat P, Schiavone S, Maier TJ, et al. Novel insights into the regulation of cyclooxygenase"2 expression by platelet"cancer cell cross"talk. Biochem Soc Trans. 2015; 43: 707–14.
Li D, Hao SH, Sun Y, Hu CM, Ma ZH, Wang ZM, Liu J, Liu HB, Ye M, Zhang YF, Yang DS, Shi G. Functional Polymorphisms in COX-2 Gene Are Correlated with the Risk of Oral Cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:580652. doi: 10.1155/2015/580652. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
Zhu W, Wei BB, Shan X, Liu P. -765G>C and 8473T>C polymorphisms of COX-2 and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 33 case-control studies. Mol Biol Rep. 2010; 37(1):277-88.
Zhang X, Miao X, Tan W, Ning B, Liu Z, Hong Y, et al. Identification of functional genetic variants in cyclooxygenase-2 and their association with risk of esophageal cancer. Gastroenterology 2005;129:565–76.
Ramsay RG, Barton AL, Gonda TJ. Targeting c-Myb expression in human disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2003;7(2):235-48.
Chiang SL, Chen PH, Lee CH, Ko AM, Lee KW, Lin YC, Ho PS, Tu HP, Wu DC, Shieh TY, Ko YC. Up-regulation of Inflammatory Signalings by Areca Nut Extract and Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 âˆ’1195G>A Polymorphism Reveal Risk of Oral Cancer. Cancer Res. 2008; 68(20):8489-98.
Mittal M, Kapoor V, Mohanti BK, Das SN. Functional variants of COX-2 and risk of tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk Asian Indians. Oral Oncol. 2010;46(8):622-6.
Moraes JL, Moraes AB, Aran V, Alves MR, Schluckbier L, Duarte M, Toscano E. et al. Functional analysis of polymorphisms in the COX-2 gene and risk of lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 ; 6(4): 494-502.
Shin WG, Kim HJ, Cho SJ, Kim HS, Kim KH, Jang MK, Lee JH, Kim HY. The COX-2-1195AA Genotype Is Associated with Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer in Korea. Gut Liver. 2012;6(3):321-7.
Wang XF, Huang MZ, Zhang XW, Hua RX, Guo WJ. COX-2-765G>C Polymorphism Increases the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73213. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073213. eCollection 2013.
Wang Y, Jiang H, Liu T, Tang W, Ma Z. Cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G>A (rs689466) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis involving 50,672 subjects. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(8): 12448–12462.

References

Warnakulasuriya S. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2009; 45 (4-5): 309 - 16.

Fuller C, Camilon R, Nguyen S, Jennings J, Day T, Gillespie M. B. Adjunctive diagnostic techniques for oral lesions of unknown malignant potential: systematic review with meta-analysis. Head Neck. 2015; 37(5):755-62.

Pérez-Sayáns M, Somoza-Martín JM, Barros-Angueira F, Reboiras-López MD, Gándara Rey JM, García-García A. Genetic and molecular alterations associated with oral squamous cell cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2009; 22(6):1277-82.

Schetter AJ, Heegaard NH, Harris CC. Inflammation and cancer: interweaving microRNA, free radical, cytokine and p53 pathways. Carcinogenesis. 2010;31(1):37–49.

Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L, Bucci E. Immune activation and chronic inflammation as the cause of malignancy in oral lichen planus: is there any evidence? Oral Oncol. 2004; 40(2): 120–130.

Li TJ, Cui J. COX-2, MMP-7 expression in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 6(8): 640–643.

Noguchi K, Ishikawa I. The roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:85-101.

Miyauchi M, Hiraoka M, Oka H, Sato S, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, et al. Immuno-localization of COX-1 and COX-2 in the rat molar periodontal tissue after topical application of lipo¬polysaccharide. Arch Oral Biol. 2004;49:739-46.

Chandrasekharan NV, Simmons DL. The cyclooxygenases. Genome Biol 2004; 5(9):241.

Tsujii M, DuBois RN: Alterations in cellular adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. Cell. 1995; 83(3):493-501.

Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Sawaoka H, Hori M, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells. Cell. 1998; 93(5):705-16.

Nozoe T, Ezaki T, Kabashima A, Baba H, Maehara Y.Significance of immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Surg 2005; 189(1):110-115.

Pontes HA, Pontes FS, Fonseca FP, de Carvalho PL, Pereira EM, de Abreu MC, et al. Nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase-2 immunoexpression in oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013;17(1):45–50.

Mauro A, Lipari L, Leone A, Tortorici S, Burruano F, Provenzano S, Gerbino A, Buscemi M. et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in normal and pathological human oral mucosa. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2010;48(4):555–563.

Salimi M, Esfahani M, Habibzadeh N, Aslani HR, Amanzadeh A, Esfandiary M, Sedaghati B, Bidgoli SA, Ghahremani MH. Change in nicotine-induced VEGF, PGE2 AND COX-2 expression following COX inhibition in human oral squamous cancer. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2012;31(4):349–356.

Goulart Filho JA, Nonaka CF, da Costa Miguel MC, de Almeida Freitas R, Galví£o HC. Immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009;30(2):89–94.

Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takeda O, Takahashi E, and Tanabe T. Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin- endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem. 1994; 221:889–897.

Liu F, Pan K, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ma J, Dong C, Shen L, Li J, Deng D, Lin D, You W. Genetic variants in cyclooxygenase-2: expression and risk of gastric cancer and its precursors in a Chinese population. Gastroenterology 2006;130(7):1975-84.

Kristinsson JO, van Westerveld P, te Morsche RH, Roelofs HM, Wobbes T, Witteman BJ, Tan AC, van Oijen MG, Jansen JB, Peters WH. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal adeno- or squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(28):3493-3497.

Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90(6):455-60.

Wolff H, Saukkonen K, Anttila S, Karjalainen A, Vainio H, Ristimaki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998 ;58(22):4997-5001.

Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple saltingout procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16(3):1215.

Mozaffari E, Doosti A, Arshi A, Faghani M. Association of COX-2 Promoter Polymorphisms -765G/C and -1195A/G with Migraine. Iran J Public Health. 2016 ;45(12):1625-1635.

Smyth EM, Grosser T, FitzGerald GA. Lipid"derived autacoids: eicosanoids and platelet"activating factor In: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th edn, eds Brunton L, editor; Chabner B, editor; , Knollman B, editor. McGraw"Hill; New York, 2011; 937–57.

Dovizio M, Alberti S, Sacco A, Guillem"Llobat P, Schiavone S, Maier TJ, et al. Novel insights into the regulation of cyclooxygenase"2 expression by platelet"cancer cell cross"talk. Biochem Soc Trans. 2015; 43: 707–14.

Li D, Hao SH, Sun Y, Hu CM, Ma ZH, Wang ZM, Liu J, Liu HB, Ye M, Zhang YF, Yang DS, Shi G. Functional Polymorphisms in COX-2 Gene Are Correlated with the Risk of Oral Cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:580652. doi: 10.1155/2015/580652. Epub 2015 Apr 21.

Zhu W, Wei BB, Shan X, Liu P. -765G>C and 8473T>C polymorphisms of COX-2 and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 33 case-control studies. Mol Biol Rep. 2010; 37(1):277-88.

Zhang X, Miao X, Tan W, Ning B, Liu Z, Hong Y, et al. Identification of functional genetic variants in cyclooxygenase-2 and their association with risk of esophageal cancer. Gastroenterology 2005;129:565–76.

Ramsay RG, Barton AL, Gonda TJ. Targeting c-Myb expression in human disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2003;7(2):235-48.

Chiang SL, Chen PH, Lee CH, Ko AM, Lee KW, Lin YC, Ho PS, Tu HP, Wu DC, Shieh TY, Ko YC. Up-regulation of Inflammatory Signalings by Areca Nut Extract and Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 âˆ’1195G>A Polymorphism Reveal Risk of Oral Cancer. Cancer Res. 2008; 68(20):8489-98.

Mittal M, Kapoor V, Mohanti BK, Das SN. Functional variants of COX-2 and risk of tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk Asian Indians. Oral Oncol. 2010;46(8):622-6.

Moraes JL, Moraes AB, Aran V, Alves MR, Schluckbier L, Duarte M, Toscano E. et al. Functional analysis of polymorphisms in the COX-2 gene and risk of lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 ; 6(4): 494-502.

Shin WG, Kim HJ, Cho SJ, Kim HS, Kim KH, Jang MK, Lee JH, Kim HY. The COX-2-1195AA Genotype Is Associated with Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer in Korea. Gut Liver. 2012;6(3):321-7.

Wang XF, Huang MZ, Zhang XW, Hua RX, Guo WJ. COX-2-765G>C Polymorphism Increases the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73213. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073213. eCollection 2013.

Wang Y, Jiang H, Liu T, Tang W, Ma Z. Cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G>A (rs689466) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis involving 50,672 subjects. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(8): 12448–12462.

Author biographies is not available.