Issue

Vol. 63 No. 7: Issue 7

The undersigned hereby assign all rights, included but not limited to copyright, for this manuscript to CMB Association upon its submission for consideration to publication on Cellular and Molecular Biology. The rights assigned include, but are not limited to, the sole and exclusive rights to license, sell, subsequently assign, derive, distribute, display and reproduce this manuscript, in whole or in part, in any format, electronic or otherwise, including those in existence at the time this agreement was signed. The authors hereby warrant that they have not granted or assigned, and shall not grant or assign, the aforementioned rights to any other person, firm, organization, or other entity. All rights are automatically restored to authors if this manuscript is not accepted for publication.

Comparative determination of ventilatory efficiency from constant load and incremental exercise testing

https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.7.4
S. Algul
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
F. A. Ugur
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
A. Ayar
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
O. Ozcelik
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

Corresponding Author(s) : S. Algul

serminalgul@hotmail.com

Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol. 63 No. 7: Issue 7

Abstract

The analysis of the relationships between minute ventilation (VE) to CO2 output (VCO2), referred to as ventilatory efficiency, in response to incremental exercise testing, is considered a useful index for assessing the presence and severity of cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases. The effects of constant load exercise testing performed at work intensity associated with anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation points (RCP), on the accurate measurements of ventilatory efficiency are not well known. The aim of this present study was to investigate the reliability of the VE/VCO2 ratio obtained from constant load exercise tests performed with two important metabolic rates (at the AT and RCP) and compare it to that of those of incremental exercise tests. A total of 20 young male (20.8±0.4 yr) subjects initially performed an incremental exercise test and then two constant load exercise tests, on different days. Respiratory and pulmonary gas exchange variables were used to estimate AT and RCP. A paired t-test was used to analyse data. AT and RCP (average) occurred the at 60% and at 71% of peak O2 uptake, respectively. The lowest VE/VCO2 ratio recorded within the first 2 minutes of constant load exercise tests with a work load of AT (26.4±0.3) and RCP (26.7±0.5) was not statistically different from the lowest ratio obtained from the incremental exercise tests (26.0±0.7). In the constant load exercise test, despite the different metabolic rates, the increase in ventilation corresponded closely with the increase in CO2 production, reflecting an optimal ventilation and perfusion ratio. Clinicians should consider the constant load exercise test work load associated with AT and RCP as it provides a meaningful lowest value for ventilatory efficiency.

Keywords

Exercise Anaerobic threshold Respiratory compensation point Ventilatory efficiency Ventilation.
Algul, S., Ugur, F. A., Ayar, A., & Ozcelik, O. (2017). Comparative determination of ventilatory efficiency from constant load and incremental exercise testing. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63(7), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.7.4
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. ERS Task Force, Palange P, Ward SA, Carlsen KH, Casaburi R, Gallagher CG, Gosselink R, O'Donnell DE, Puente-Maestu L, Schols AM, Singh S, Whipp BJ. Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:185-209.
  2. Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY et al. Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 5th edition, 2012.
  3. Kato TS, Collado E, Khawaja T, Kawano Y, Kim M, Farr M, Mancini DM, Schulze PC. Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption combined with B-type natriuretic peptide levels for optimaltiming of cardiac transplantation. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:42.
  4. West M, Jack S, Grocott MP. Perioperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2011; 25: 427-37.
  5. Agostoni P, Corrí U, Cattadori G, Veglia F, Battaia E, La Gioia R, Scardovi AB, Emdin M, Metra M, Sinagra G, Limongelli G, Raimondo R, Re F, Guazzi M, Belardinelli R, Parati G, Magrí¬ D, Fiorentini C, Cicoira M, Salvioni E, Giovannardi M, Mezzani A, Scrutinio D, Di Lenarda A, Mantegazza V, Ricci R, Apostolo A, Iorio A, Paolillo S, Palermo P, Contini M, Vassanelli C, Passino C, Piepoli MF; MECKI Score Research Group. Prognostic value of indeterminable anaerobic threshold in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:977-87.
  6. Keir DA, Fontana FY, Robertson TC, Murias JM, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM, Pogliaghi S. Exercise Intensity Thresholds: Identifying the Boundaries of Sustainable Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:1932-40.
  7. Maciejczyk M, Szymura J, Cempla J, Gradek J, Wić™cek M, Bawelski M. Respiratory compensation point during incremental test in overweight and normoweight boys: is it useful in assessing aerobic performance? A longitudinal study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 34:56-63.
  8. Sun XG, Hansen JE, Garatachea N, Storer TW, Wasserman K. Ventilatory efficiency during exercise in healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:1443-8.
  9. Hoshimoto-Iwamoto M, Koike A, Nagayama O, Tajima A, Uejima T, Adachi H, Aizawa T, Wasserman K. Determination of the VE/VCO2 slope from a constant work rate exercise test in cardiac patients. J Physiol Sci 2008; 58:291-5.
  10. Mazaheri R, Shakerian F, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Halabchi F, Mirshahi M, Mansournia MA. The usefulness of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:328-32.
  11. Neder JA, Arbex FF, Alencar MC, O'Donnell CD, Cory J, Webb KA, O'Donnell DE. Exercise ventilatory inefficiency in mild to end-stage COPD. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:377-87.
  12. Parazzi PL, Marson FA, Ribeiro MA, Schivinski CI, Ribeiro JD. Ventilatory efficiency in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Dis Markers 2015; 2015:546891.
  13. Whipp BJ, Davis JA, Wasserman K. Ventilatory control of the 'isocapnic buffering' region in rapidly-incremental exercise. Respir Physiol 1989; 76:357-67.
  14. Koike A, Itoh H, Kato M, Sawada H, Aizawa T, Fu LT, Watanabe H. Prognostic power of ventilatory responses during submaximal exercise in patients with chronic heart disease. Chest 2002; 121:1581-8.
  15. Poggio R, Arazi HC, Giorgi M, Miriuka SG. Prediction of severe cardiovascular events by VE/VCO2 slope versus peak VO2 in systolic heart failure: a meta-analysis of the published literature. Am Heart J 2010; 160:1004-14.
  16. Whipp BJ, Davis JA, Torres F, Wasserman K. A test to determine parameters of
  17. aerobic function during exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1981; 50:217-21.
  18. Ozcelik O, Ward SA, Whipp BJ. Effect of altered body CO2 stores on pulmonary gas exchange dynamics during incremental exercise in humans. Exp Physiol 1999; 84:999-1011.
  19. Whipp BJ, Ward SA, Wasserman K. Respiratory markers of the anaerobic threshold. Adv Cardiol 1986; 35:47-64.
  20. Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60:2020-7.
  21. Whipp BJ, Ward SA. Determinants and control of breathing during muscular exercise. Br J Sports Med 1998; 32:199-211.
  22. Ward SA, Whipp BJ. Ventilatory control during exercise with increased external dead space. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1980; 48:225-31.
  23. Davis JA, Sorrentino KM, Soriano AC, Pham PH, Dorado S. Is ventilatory efficiency dependent on the speed of the exercise test protocol in healthy men and women? Cli Physiol Funct Imaging 2006; 26:67-71.
  24. Ozcelik O, Aslan M, Ayar A, Kelestimur H. Effects of body mass index on maximal work production capacity and aerobic fitness during incremental exercise. Physiol Res 2004; 53:165-70.
  25. Ingle L, Goode K, Carroll S, Sloan R, Boyes C, Cleland JG, Clark AL. Prognostic value of the VE/VCO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2007; 118:350-5.
  26. Carlisle J, Swart M. Mid-term survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery predicted by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Br J Surg 2007; 94:966-9.
  27. Whipp BJ. Physiological mechanisms dissociating pulmonary CO2 and O2 exchange dynamics during exercise in humans. Exp Physiol 2007; 92:347-55.
Read More

Author Biographies

S. Algul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
Physiology
F. A. Ugur, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
Physiology
A. Ayar, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
Physiology
O. Ozcelik, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
Physiology
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 887 Download : 313