Issue
Influence of macerated fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) oil added to trout feed at the different rates on the Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), body length, blood parameters and Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) values "‹"‹of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal
Corresponding Author(s) : Başar Altinterim
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 65 No. 3: Issue 3
Abstract
In this study, 1% and 2% of macerated fenugreek oil was added to the feeds of rainbow trout with an average weight of 25.79 ± 1.5 g. At the end of the study, growth rate, blood parameters and NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) level of rainbow trout were determined. The best feed ratio (FCR) was observed in the control group (0.77). Statistically significant differences were found only in MID values (P<0.05), although there was a numerical increase in all blood parameters. There was no statistically significant difference between NBT levels (P> 0.05). Although the best weight gain was in the control group as in the FCR values, the maximum elongation was measured at D1 and then at D2 (P <0.05). The best survival rate was obtained with 96.66% in D1 while the worst was observed in D2 with 60% (p<0,05).
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- Altınterim B, Gulec AK and Aksu O. Determination of Safety Dose of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Hydrosol on Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2012; 21(5a): 1219-1222.
- Chorianopoulos NG, Giaouris ED, Skandamis PN, Haroutounian SA. and Nychas, GJE. Disinfectant test against monoculture and mixed-culture biofilms composed of technological, spoilage and pathogenic bacteria: Bactericidal effect of essential oil and hydrosol of Satureja thymbra and comparison with standard acidbase sanitizers. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2008; 104: 1586–1596.
- Chang ST, Chen PF and Chang SC. Antibacteriel activity of leaf essantial oils and their consituents from Cinnamon osmophloeum. Journal of Ethanophermacology, 2001; 77: 123-127.
- Gulec AK, Altinterim B. and Aksu O. Determination of lethal concentration (LC50) values of Cinnamomum zeylanicum hydrosol on carp fish. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2013; 12(1): 34-44
- Altınterim B, Kutluyer F. and Aksu, O. Effects of different plant oils having different oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) on hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at high stocking density. Ataturk University Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018; 13(1): 63-69.
- Aksu O, Yildirim, NC, Yildirim, N, Danabas, D and Danabas S. Biochemical response of crayfish Astacus leptodactylus exposed to textile wastewater treated by indigenous white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015; 22(4): 2987-2993.
- Telli B. Kenzü's-Sıhhatü'l-Ebdí¢niyye Eser-ć° Mürşí®d-ć° Osmí¢niyye'de Bitki Adları. Kesit Akademi Dergisi (The Journal of Kesit Academy), 2015; 1: 96-116.
- Acharya SN, Thomas JE and Basu SK. Fenugreek: an "old world” crop for the "new world”. Biodiversity, 2006; 7(3-4): 27-30.
- Petropoulos GA. Fenugreek–Thegenus Trigonella. 1st Edn., Taylor and Francis, Londonand New York, 2002; Pp: 200.
- Wani SA, Kumar P. Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 2018; 17:97–106.
- Kim JK, Park SU. An update on the biological and pharmacological activities of diosgenin. Exclı J., 2018; 17:24–28.
- Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, Mesripour A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review on ethnobotanical and therapeutic uses of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2016; 21:53–62.
- Srinivasan K. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A review of health beneficial physiological effects. Food Rev. Int., 2006; 22:203–224.
- Rababah TM, Hettiarachchyand NS and Horax R. Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, gren tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert butylhydroquinone. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Chemistry, 2004; 52: 5183 – 5186.
- Shalaby SMM. Response of Niletilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings to diets supplemented with different levels of fenugreek seeds (Hulba). Journal of Agriculture Mansoura University, 2004; 29: 2231-2242
- Mustafa AAZM, Ahmad MH, Mousallamy A and Samir A. Effect of Using Dried Fenugreek Seeds as Natural Feed Additives on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Whole-body Composition and Entro-pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Monosex Nile Tilapia O. niloticus (L) Fingerlings. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2009; 3(2): 1234-1245.
- Bahmani M, Kazemi R and Donskaya P. A comparative study of some hematological features in young reared sturgeons (Acipenser persicus and Huso huso). Fish Physiol Biochem, 2001; 24: 135–140.
- De Pedro N, Guijarro AE, Lopez-Patino MA, Marinez-Alvarez R and Delgado M. Daily and seasonal variation in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in tench Tinca tinca. Aquaculture Res, 2005; 36: 85–96.
- Yilmaz S, Ergun S and Yigit M. 2011. Effects of thyme, rosemary and fenugreek on some hematological and immunological parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, Aquaculture. Europe, Conferince 18- 21 October 2011, Rhodes, Greece.
- Dixit P, Ghaskadbi S, Mohan H and Devasagayam TP. Antioxidant properties of germinated fenugreek seeds, Phytotherapy Research, 2005; 19(11): 977-983.
- Velisek J, Svobodova Z. Anaesthesia of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 2-phenoxyethanol: Acute toxicity and effects on biochemical blood profile. Acta Vet. Brno, 2004; 73:247-252.
- Altun T, Danabas D. Effects of short and long exposure to the anesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol mixed with ethyl alcohol on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) fingerlings. Isr. J. Aquacult.”Bamidgeh, 2006; 58(3):1–5.
- Awad E, Cerezuela RM and Esteban A. 2015. Effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) immune status and growth performance. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 45: 454-464.
- Yilmaz S, Ergun S and Celik ES. Effect of dietary spice supplementations on welfare status of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2016; 86: 229–237.
- Roohi Z,Imanpoor MR, Jafari V and Taghizadeh V. The use of fenugreek seed meal in fish diets: growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters, survival and stres resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture Research, 2015; 48: 1209–1215.
- Gültepe N, Bilen S, Yılmaz S, Güro, D and Aydın S. Effects of herbs and spice on health status of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Acta Veterineria Brno, 2014; 83: 125–131.
- Acar íœ, Kesbic OS, Yilmaz S, Gultepe N and Turker A. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Aquaculture, 2015; 437: 282-286.
- Baldisserotto B, Romero JMM and Kapoor B. Fish osmoregulation. CRC Press/ Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2007; Pp 540.
- Mazon A, Monteiro E, Pinheiro G and Fernadez M. Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2002; 62: 621–631.
- Joo HS, Kalbassi MR and Johari SA. Hematological and histopathological effects of silver nanoparticles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)-how about increase of salinity? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018; 25: 15449–15461.
- Emeish WFA. and El-Deen AGS. Immunomodulatory Effects Of Thyme and Fenugreek in Sharp Tooth Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 2016; 62(150): 1-7.
- Hamden K, Keskes H, Belhaj S, Mnafgui K, Feki A and Allouche N. Inhibitory potential of omega-3 fatty and fenugreek essential oil on key enzymes of carbohydrate-digestion and hypertension in diabetes rats. Hamden et al. Lipids in Health and Disease, 2011; 10: 226.
- Güllü K, Acar íœ, Kesbiç OS, Yılmaz S, Ağdamar S, Ergün S and Türker A. Beneficial effects of Oral Allspice, Pimenta dioica powder supplementation on the hematoimmunological and serum biochemical responses of Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture Research, 2016; 47: 2697–2704.
- Lawal MO, Aderolu AZ and Aarode OO. 2013. Growth and economic performance of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings fed diets containing graded levels of sclerotium. AACL Bioflux, 2013; 6(3): 180-187.
- Araee M, Norouzi M, Habibi G And Sheikhvatan M. Toxicity of Trigonella foenum graceum (Fenugreek) in bone marrow cell proliferation in rat. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009; 22(2):126-130.
- Kumar A, Vasmatkar P, Baral P, Agarawal S And Mishra A. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effect of dietary fenugreek seeds in fingerlings of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio Lin.). Fishery Technology, 2017; 54: 170-175.
References
Altınterim B, Gulec AK and Aksu O. Determination of Safety Dose of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Hydrosol on Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2012; 21(5a): 1219-1222.
Chorianopoulos NG, Giaouris ED, Skandamis PN, Haroutounian SA. and Nychas, GJE. Disinfectant test against monoculture and mixed-culture biofilms composed of technological, spoilage and pathogenic bacteria: Bactericidal effect of essential oil and hydrosol of Satureja thymbra and comparison with standard acidbase sanitizers. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2008; 104: 1586–1596.
Chang ST, Chen PF and Chang SC. Antibacteriel activity of leaf essantial oils and their consituents from Cinnamon osmophloeum. Journal of Ethanophermacology, 2001; 77: 123-127.
Gulec AK, Altinterim B. and Aksu O. Determination of lethal concentration (LC50) values of Cinnamomum zeylanicum hydrosol on carp fish. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2013; 12(1): 34-44
Altınterim B, Kutluyer F. and Aksu, O. Effects of different plant oils having different oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) on hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at high stocking density. Ataturk University Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018; 13(1): 63-69.
Aksu O, Yildirim, NC, Yildirim, N, Danabas, D and Danabas S. Biochemical response of crayfish Astacus leptodactylus exposed to textile wastewater treated by indigenous white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015; 22(4): 2987-2993.
Telli B. Kenzü's-Sıhhatü'l-Ebdí¢niyye Eser-ć° Mürşí®d-ć° Osmí¢niyye'de Bitki Adları. Kesit Akademi Dergisi (The Journal of Kesit Academy), 2015; 1: 96-116.
Acharya SN, Thomas JE and Basu SK. Fenugreek: an "old world” crop for the "new world”. Biodiversity, 2006; 7(3-4): 27-30.
Petropoulos GA. Fenugreek–Thegenus Trigonella. 1st Edn., Taylor and Francis, Londonand New York, 2002; Pp: 200.
Wani SA, Kumar P. Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 2018; 17:97–106.
Kim JK, Park SU. An update on the biological and pharmacological activities of diosgenin. Exclı J., 2018; 17:24–28.
Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, Mesripour A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. A review on ethnobotanical and therapeutic uses of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2016; 21:53–62.
Srinivasan K. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A review of health beneficial physiological effects. Food Rev. Int., 2006; 22:203–224.
Rababah TM, Hettiarachchyand NS and Horax R. Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, gren tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert butylhydroquinone. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Chemistry, 2004; 52: 5183 – 5186.
Shalaby SMM. Response of Niletilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings to diets supplemented with different levels of fenugreek seeds (Hulba). Journal of Agriculture Mansoura University, 2004; 29: 2231-2242
Mustafa AAZM, Ahmad MH, Mousallamy A and Samir A. Effect of Using Dried Fenugreek Seeds as Natural Feed Additives on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Whole-body Composition and Entro-pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Monosex Nile Tilapia O. niloticus (L) Fingerlings. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2009; 3(2): 1234-1245.
Bahmani M, Kazemi R and Donskaya P. A comparative study of some hematological features in young reared sturgeons (Acipenser persicus and Huso huso). Fish Physiol Biochem, 2001; 24: 135–140.
De Pedro N, Guijarro AE, Lopez-Patino MA, Marinez-Alvarez R and Delgado M. Daily and seasonal variation in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in tench Tinca tinca. Aquaculture Res, 2005; 36: 85–96.
Yilmaz S, Ergun S and Yigit M. 2011. Effects of thyme, rosemary and fenugreek on some hematological and immunological parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, Aquaculture. Europe, Conferince 18- 21 October 2011, Rhodes, Greece.
Dixit P, Ghaskadbi S, Mohan H and Devasagayam TP. Antioxidant properties of germinated fenugreek seeds, Phytotherapy Research, 2005; 19(11): 977-983.
Velisek J, Svobodova Z. Anaesthesia of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 2-phenoxyethanol: Acute toxicity and effects on biochemical blood profile. Acta Vet. Brno, 2004; 73:247-252.
Altun T, Danabas D. Effects of short and long exposure to the anesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol mixed with ethyl alcohol on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) fingerlings. Isr. J. Aquacult.”Bamidgeh, 2006; 58(3):1–5.
Awad E, Cerezuela RM and Esteban A. 2015. Effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) immune status and growth performance. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 45: 454-464.
Yilmaz S, Ergun S and Celik ES. Effect of dietary spice supplementations on welfare status of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2016; 86: 229–237.
Roohi Z,Imanpoor MR, Jafari V and Taghizadeh V. The use of fenugreek seed meal in fish diets: growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters, survival and stres resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture Research, 2015; 48: 1209–1215.
Gültepe N, Bilen S, Yılmaz S, Güro, D and Aydın S. Effects of herbs and spice on health status of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Acta Veterineria Brno, 2014; 83: 125–131.
Acar íœ, Kesbic OS, Yilmaz S, Gultepe N and Turker A. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Aquaculture, 2015; 437: 282-286.
Baldisserotto B, Romero JMM and Kapoor B. Fish osmoregulation. CRC Press/ Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2007; Pp 540.
Mazon A, Monteiro E, Pinheiro G and Fernadez M. Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2002; 62: 621–631.
Joo HS, Kalbassi MR and Johari SA. Hematological and histopathological effects of silver nanoparticles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)-how about increase of salinity? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018; 25: 15449–15461.
Emeish WFA. and El-Deen AGS. Immunomodulatory Effects Of Thyme and Fenugreek in Sharp Tooth Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 2016; 62(150): 1-7.
Hamden K, Keskes H, Belhaj S, Mnafgui K, Feki A and Allouche N. Inhibitory potential of omega-3 fatty and fenugreek essential oil on key enzymes of carbohydrate-digestion and hypertension in diabetes rats. Hamden et al. Lipids in Health and Disease, 2011; 10: 226.
Güllü K, Acar íœ, Kesbiç OS, Yılmaz S, Ağdamar S, Ergün S and Türker A. Beneficial effects of Oral Allspice, Pimenta dioica powder supplementation on the hematoimmunological and serum biochemical responses of Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture Research, 2016; 47: 2697–2704.
Lawal MO, Aderolu AZ and Aarode OO. 2013. Growth and economic performance of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings fed diets containing graded levels of sclerotium. AACL Bioflux, 2013; 6(3): 180-187.
Araee M, Norouzi M, Habibi G And Sheikhvatan M. Toxicity of Trigonella foenum graceum (Fenugreek) in bone marrow cell proliferation in rat. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009; 22(2):126-130.
Kumar A, Vasmatkar P, Baral P, Agarawal S And Mishra A. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effect of dietary fenugreek seeds in fingerlings of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio Lin.). Fishery Technology, 2017; 54: 170-175.