Effect of decapitation and exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokinin (CK) on some physiological characteristics of stevia
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohammad Eghbal Ghobadi
Cellular and Molecular Biology,
Vol. 64 No. 2: New biotechnological aspects in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) has auxiliary buds that often remain dormant for a long time and sometimes remain dormant until the plants change at the reproductive stage. This study was designed out to investigate whether decapitation and exogenous application of plant growth regulators enhance the productivity of stevia through breaking the apical dominance and increasing physiological characteristics. Experiment was carried out as a factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were consisted two agricultural practices (Decapitation and No-decapitation) and eight foliar spray including without spray as control, water spray, GA3 (300, 600 and 900 µm) and CK (100, 200 and 400 µm). The results of the present investigation indicated a positive response on number of branches and leaves, leaves and stem fresh weight and total dry weight, in both harvests not only from the decapitation of apical buds but also from foliar application of CK (400 µM). Thus, it can be concluded that the decapitation practices in conjunction with foliar application of CK (400 µM) could be used to increase the dry-leaf yield of stevia. However, further studies are required to standardize the dose of CK (400 µM) to improve the yield and quality of stevia.
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- Ghaheri M, Kahrizi D, Bahrami Gh. Effect of mannitol on some morphological characteristics of in vitro stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Biharian biologist 2017; 11(2): (online first)
- Akbari F, Arminian A, Kahrizi D, Fazeli A. Effect of nitrogen sources on some morphological characteristics of in vitro stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Cell Mol Biol 2017; 63: 2.
- Hajihashemi Sh, Ehsanpour AA. Antioxidant Response of Ste¬via rebaudiana B. to Polyethylene Glycol and Paclobutrazol Treatments Under In Vitro Culture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172: 4038–4052.
- Esmaeili F, Kahrizi D, Mansouri M, Yari Kh, Kazemi N, Ghaheri M. Cell Dedifferentiation in Stevia rebauiana as a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Plant.J. Rep. Pharm. Sci. 2016; 5(1), 12-17.
- Saifi M, Nasrullah N, Ahmad MM, Athar A, Khan JA, Abdin, MZ. In silico analysis and expression profiling of miRNAs targeting genes of steviol glycosides biosynthetic pathway and their relation¬ship with steviol glycosides content in different tissues of Stevia re¬baudiana. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2015; 94: 57-64.
- Pandey H, Pandey P, Pandey Sh, Singh S, Banerjee S. Meeting the challenge of stevioside production in the hairy roots of Stevia rebaudiana by probing the underlying process. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 2016; 126: 511–52.
- Geuns JMC. Stevioside. Phytochemistry 2003; 64: 913–921.
- Philippe RN, Mey MD, Anderson J, Ajilkumar PK. Biotechnological production of natural zero-calorie sweeteners. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 26: 155–161.
- Megeji NW, Kumar JK, Singh V, Kaul VK, Ahuja PS. Introducing Stevia rebaudiana, a natural zero calorie sweetener. Curr. Sci 2005; 88 (5): 801–804.
- Starratt A, Gijzen M. Stevia rebaudiana. Its biological, chemical and agricultural properties. http://res2.agr.ca/London/faq/stevia_rev_e.htm# INTRODUCTION Cited 19 August 2004.
- Cline M. The role of hormones in apical dominance. New approaches to an old problem in plant development. Physiol Plant 1994; 90: 230–7.
- Cline M. Concepts and terminology of apical dominance. Am J Bot 1997;84:1064–9.
- Lang G Dormancy. A new universal terminology. Hort Sci 1990; 22: 817–20.
- Brandle JE, Starratt AN, Gijzen M. Stevia rebaudiana: its agricultural, biological and chemical properties. Can J Plant Sci 1998; 78: 527–36.
- Ogweno JO, Hu W.H, Song X.S, Shi K, Mao W.H, Zhou Y.H, Yu J.Q. Photo-inhibition induced reduction in photosynthesis is alleviated by abscisic acid, cytokinin and brassinosteroid in detached tomato leaves. Plant Growth Regul 2010; 60: 175–182.
- Hongc,Wei-Wei Zhenga, Kai Xua, ScientiaHorticulturae 2016; 200: 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2015.12.
- Costa ML, Civello PM, ChavesA.R, Martínez GA. Effect of ethephon and 6-benzylaminopurine on chlorophyll degrading enzymes and a peroxidase linked chlorophyll bleaching during post-harvest senescence of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) at 20 _C. Post. Biol. Technol 2005; 35: 191–199.
- Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 1949; 24: 1–15.
- Fariduddin Q, Ahmad A, Hayat S. Responses of Vigna radiata to foliar application of 28-homo brassinolide and kinetin. Bol. Plant 2004; 48: 465–468.
- Xia XJ, Huang LF, Zhou YH, Mao WH, Shi K, Wu JX, Asami T, Chen Z, Yu JQ. Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in Cucumis sativus. Planta 2009; 230: 1185–1196.
- Jiang YP, Cheng F, Zhou YH, Xia XJ, Shi K, Yu JQ. Interactive effects of CO2 enrichment and brassinosteroid on CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport in Cucumissativus. Environ. Exp. Bot 2012; 75: 98–106.
- Nooden L. D, Singh S, Letham D. S. Correlation of xylem sap cytokinin levels with monocarpic senescence in soybean. Plant Physiol. 1990; 93: 33–39.
- Bajguz A, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Interactive effect of brassinosteroids and cytokinins on growth, chlorophyll, monosaccharide and protein content in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2014; 80, 176–183.
- Khoshkhoy M, SheybaniB, Ruhani A, Tafazoli A. 2000. Principles of gardening. (In persian). Shiraz University Press.556 pages.
- Mostafa HAM, El-Bassiouny HMS, Khattab HKI, Sadak MS. Improving the characteristics of roselle seeds as a new source of protein and lipid by gibberellins and benzyladenine application. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 2005; 1 (2): 161–167.
- Abd El- Aal FS, Shaheen AM, Rizk FA. The effect of foliar application of GA3 and soil dressing of NPK at different levels on the plant productivity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2008; 4 (5): 384-391.
- Santos B.M, Morales-Payan J.P, Stall W.M, Dusky J.A. Effects of nitrogen and gibberellic acid combination on basil growth. Contribution Published in Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida 1998; 57: 99–101.
- Emongor V. Gibberellic acid (GA3) influence on vegetative growth, nodulation and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Journal of Agronomy 2007; 6 (4): 509-517.
- Akter A, Ali E, Islam MMZ, Karim R, Razzaque AHM. Effect of GA3 on growth and yield of mustard. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 2007; 2 (2): 16-20.
- Shah SH, Ahmad I, Samiullah. Effect of gibberellic acid spray on growth, nutrient uptake and yield attributes during various growth stage of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2006; 5 (5): 881–884.
- Kafi M, Zand A, Kamkar B, Mahdavi Damghani A, Abbasi F. 2009. Plant Physiology. (Persian translation).University of Mashhad Publications. 676 pages.
References
Ghaheri M, Kahrizi D, Bahrami Gh. Effect of mannitol on some morphological characteristics of in vitro stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Biharian biologist 2017; 11(2): (online first)
Akbari F, Arminian A, Kahrizi D, Fazeli A. Effect of nitrogen sources on some morphological characteristics of in vitro stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Cell Mol Biol 2017; 63: 2.
Hajihashemi Sh, Ehsanpour AA. Antioxidant Response of Ste¬via rebaudiana B. to Polyethylene Glycol and Paclobutrazol Treatments Under In Vitro Culture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172: 4038–4052.
Esmaeili F, Kahrizi D, Mansouri M, Yari Kh, Kazemi N, Ghaheri M. Cell Dedifferentiation in Stevia rebauiana as a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Plant.J. Rep. Pharm. Sci. 2016; 5(1), 12-17.
Saifi M, Nasrullah N, Ahmad MM, Athar A, Khan JA, Abdin, MZ. In silico analysis and expression profiling of miRNAs targeting genes of steviol glycosides biosynthetic pathway and their relation¬ship with steviol glycosides content in different tissues of Stevia re¬baudiana. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2015; 94: 57-64.
Pandey H, Pandey P, Pandey Sh, Singh S, Banerjee S. Meeting the challenge of stevioside production in the hairy roots of Stevia rebaudiana by probing the underlying process. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 2016; 126: 511–52.
Geuns JMC. Stevioside. Phytochemistry 2003; 64: 913–921.
Philippe RN, Mey MD, Anderson J, Ajilkumar PK. Biotechnological production of natural zero-calorie sweeteners. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 26: 155–161.
Megeji NW, Kumar JK, Singh V, Kaul VK, Ahuja PS. Introducing Stevia rebaudiana, a natural zero calorie sweetener. Curr. Sci 2005; 88 (5): 801–804.
Starratt A, Gijzen M. Stevia rebaudiana. Its biological, chemical and agricultural properties. http://res2.agr.ca/London/faq/stevia_rev_e.htm# INTRODUCTION Cited 19 August 2004.
Cline M. The role of hormones in apical dominance. New approaches to an old problem in plant development. Physiol Plant 1994; 90: 230–7.
Cline M. Concepts and terminology of apical dominance. Am J Bot 1997;84:1064–9.
Lang G Dormancy. A new universal terminology. Hort Sci 1990; 22: 817–20.
Brandle JE, Starratt AN, Gijzen M. Stevia rebaudiana: its agricultural, biological and chemical properties. Can J Plant Sci 1998; 78: 527–36.
Ogweno JO, Hu W.H, Song X.S, Shi K, Mao W.H, Zhou Y.H, Yu J.Q. Photo-inhibition induced reduction in photosynthesis is alleviated by abscisic acid, cytokinin and brassinosteroid in detached tomato leaves. Plant Growth Regul 2010; 60: 175–182.
Hongc,Wei-Wei Zhenga, Kai Xua, ScientiaHorticulturae 2016; 200: 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2015.12.
Costa ML, Civello PM, ChavesA.R, Martínez GA. Effect of ethephon and 6-benzylaminopurine on chlorophyll degrading enzymes and a peroxidase linked chlorophyll bleaching during post-harvest senescence of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) at 20 _C. Post. Biol. Technol 2005; 35: 191–199.
Arnon DI. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 1949; 24: 1–15.
Fariduddin Q, Ahmad A, Hayat S. Responses of Vigna radiata to foliar application of 28-homo brassinolide and kinetin. Bol. Plant 2004; 48: 465–468.
Xia XJ, Huang LF, Zhou YH, Mao WH, Shi K, Wu JX, Asami T, Chen Z, Yu JQ. Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in Cucumis sativus. Planta 2009; 230: 1185–1196.
Jiang YP, Cheng F, Zhou YH, Xia XJ, Shi K, Yu JQ. Interactive effects of CO2 enrichment and brassinosteroid on CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport in Cucumissativus. Environ. Exp. Bot 2012; 75: 98–106.
Nooden L. D, Singh S, Letham D. S. Correlation of xylem sap cytokinin levels with monocarpic senescence in soybean. Plant Physiol. 1990; 93: 33–39.
Bajguz A, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Interactive effect of brassinosteroids and cytokinins on growth, chlorophyll, monosaccharide and protein content in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2014; 80, 176–183.
Khoshkhoy M, SheybaniB, Ruhani A, Tafazoli A. 2000. Principles of gardening. (In persian). Shiraz University Press.556 pages.
Mostafa HAM, El-Bassiouny HMS, Khattab HKI, Sadak MS. Improving the characteristics of roselle seeds as a new source of protein and lipid by gibberellins and benzyladenine application. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 2005; 1 (2): 161–167.
Abd El- Aal FS, Shaheen AM, Rizk FA. The effect of foliar application of GA3 and soil dressing of NPK at different levels on the plant productivity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2008; 4 (5): 384-391.
Santos B.M, Morales-Payan J.P, Stall W.M, Dusky J.A. Effects of nitrogen and gibberellic acid combination on basil growth. Contribution Published in Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida 1998; 57: 99–101.
Emongor V. Gibberellic acid (GA3) influence on vegetative growth, nodulation and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Journal of Agronomy 2007; 6 (4): 509-517.
Akter A, Ali E, Islam MMZ, Karim R, Razzaque AHM. Effect of GA3 on growth and yield of mustard. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 2007; 2 (2): 16-20.
Shah SH, Ahmad I, Samiullah. Effect of gibberellic acid spray on growth, nutrient uptake and yield attributes during various growth stage of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2006; 5 (5): 881–884.
Kafi M, Zand A, Kamkar B, Mahdavi Damghani A, Abbasi F. 2009. Plant Physiology. (Persian translation).University of Mashhad Publications. 676 pages.